Table of Contents
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GAS, NATURAL
Cross-Reference
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ḠAṢB
Forthcoming
concept in Shiʿite law, meaning usurpation or unlawful seizure. See Supplement.
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GASTEIGER, ALBERT JOSEPH
HELMUT SLABY
In 1870, Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah decided to make a pilgrimage to Karbalāʾ, and Gasteiger repaired and partially rebuilt the road via Hamadān and Kermānšāh to the Turkish border and also rendered the road from Kangāvar via Qom to Tehran usable.
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GATE
Cross-Reference
See DARVĀZA.
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GATHAS
Multiple Authors
or GĀΘĀS; the core of the great Mazdayasnian liturgy, the Yasna, consisting of five gāθās, or modes of song (gā) that comprise seventeen songs composed in Old Avestan language, and arranged according to their five different syllabic meters.
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GATHAS i
Helmut Humbach
Each single song covers one chapter (Av. hāiti-, Phl. hā) of the Yasna.
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GATHAS ii
William W. Malandra
Of the entire corpus of the Avesta, the Gathas have been translated far more frequently than any of its other divisions.
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GAUB(A)RUVA
Rüdiger Schmitt
Old Persian personal name, spelled g-u-b-ru-u-v (DB IV 84 etc.) and reflected in Elamite Kam-bar-ma, Babylonian Gu-ba-ru(-ʾ) (DB etc.), Ku-bar-ra (DNc 1), Gu-ba(r)-ri, etc., Aramaic gwbrw (not gwbrwh, as restored in the past), Greek Gōbrýās, Gōbrýēs, and Latin Gobryas.
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GAUDEREAU, MARTIN
Jacqueline Calmard-Compas
(b. Langeais, 1663; d. Paris, 1743), French missionary priest (and later Abbé) who left valuable observations on Persia and played a part in Franco-Persian relations.
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GAUGAMELA
Ernst Badian
site of one of the greatest battles in history, resulting in the decisive victory of Alexander the Great over Darius III on 1 October 331 B.C.E.
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