Table of Contents

• GABAE

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  the name of two places in Persia and Sogdiana.

• GABAIN, ANNEMARIE VON

  Peter Zieme

  (1901-1993), German scholar who worked in the field of Central Asian (primarily Turkic) studies, first as a linguist but later as an art historian.

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• GABBA

  Jean-Pierre Digard and Carol Bier

  a hand-woven pile rug of coarse quality and medium size (90 × 150 cm or larger) characterized by an abstract design that relies upon open fields of color and a playfulness with geometry. This kind of rug is common among the tribes of the Zagros (Kurdish, Lori-speaking ethnic groups, Qašqāʾīs).

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• GABR

  Mansour Shaki

  a New Persian term used from the earliest period as a technical term synonymous with mōḡ (magus). With the dwindling of the Zoroastrian community,  the term came to have a pejorative implication.

• GABRA

  Cross-Reference

  See GŌR.

• GABRI WARE

  Cross-Reference

  See CERAMICS.

• GABRIEL, ALFONS

  Cross-Reference

  See Supplement.

• GABRIELI, FRANCESCO

  Giuliano Lancioni

  (1904-1996), Italian Arabist and orientalist, who contributed to the study of Persian literature.

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• GAČ

  Cross-Reference

  See GYPSUM.

• GAČ-BORĪ

  Sheila S. Blair

  plasterwork or stucco. Gypsum plaster has been used as a building material in Persia for more than 2,500 years. Originally it may have been applied as a rendering to mud brick walls to protect them from the weather, but it was soon exploited for its decorative effects.

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• GAČSAR

  Minu Yusof Nezhad

  a village in the Karaj district, situated at an altitude of 2,210 m at 110 km northwest of Tehran and 7 km south of the Kandavān Tunnel on the main road to the Caspian coast.

• GAČSĀRĀN

  Eckart Ehlers

  town and oilfield in the province of Ḵūzestān, southwestern Persia.

• GADĀʾĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See BEGGING.

• GÄDIATỊ (SEḰAYỊ FỊRT) COMAQ

  Fridrik Thordarson

  (1883-1931), Ossetic writer.

• ḠADĪR ḴOMM

  Ahmad Kazemi Moussavi

  lit. “pool of Ḵomm”; the name of a pool near a small oasis along the caravan route between the cities of Mecca and Medina, near an area currently known as Joḥfa.

• GADŌTU

  Cross-Reference

  a demon. See UDA.

• ḠAFFĀRĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN

  Cross-Reference

  See ABU’L-ḤASAN KHAN ḠAFFĀRĪ.

• ḠAFFĀRĪ, FARROḴ KHAN

  Cross-Reference

  See AMĪN-AL-DAWLA, ABŪ ṬĀLEB FARROḴ KHAN ḠAFFĀRĪ.

• ḠAFFĀRĪ, ḠOLĀM-ḤOSAYN KHAN

  Kambiz Eslami

  (1859-1947), Qajar official from the time of Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah to that of Aḥmad Shah, considered one of the more congenial figures of the Qajar bureaucracy. His inability to deal effectively with critical situations was often a political liability. His collection of Qajar photographs is impressive in size and for the explanatory captions.

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• ḠAFFARĪ, MOḤAMMAD

  Cross-Reference

  a prominent Qajar painter. See KAMĀL-AL-MOLK.

• ḠAFFĀRĪ, MOḤAMMAD-EBRĀHĪM KHAN

  Kambiz Eslami

  (1859/60-1918), Qajar diplomat and minister during the reigns of the last four Qajar kings.

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• ḠAFFĀRĪ, NEẒĀM-AL-DĪN

  Kambiz Eslami

  (1844-1915), Qajar minister and engineer.

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• ḠAFFĀRĪ, ṢANĪʿ-AL-MOLK

  Cross-Reference

  See ABU’L-ḤASAN KHAN ḠAFFĀRĪ.

• GAFUROV, BOBODZHAN GAFUROVICH

  Boris A. Litvinsky

  (1908-1977), Tajik statesman, academician, and historian. His energy and administrative skills were instrumental in establishing Tajikistan’s first State University in 1948, and in inaugurating its national Academy of Sciences in 1951. In spite of his many administrative duties, he published more than 500 works in Russian, Tajik, and other languages.

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• GAGIK

  Cross-Reference

  See ARTSRUNI and BAGRATIDS.

• GĀH

  Mary Boyce

  a Middle Persian, Parthian, and New Persian word meaning either “place” or “time.”

• GĀH-ŠOMĀRĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See CALENDARS.

• GĀHAMBĀR

  Cross-Reference

  See GĀHĀNBĀR.

• GĀHĀNBĀR

  Mary Boyce

  Middle Persian name for the feasts held at the end of each of the six seasons of the Zoroastrian year.

• GAHĪZ

  Nassereddin Parvin

  weekly newspaper published in Kabul from January 1968 to April 1973, owned, edited, and published by Menhāj-al-Dīn Gahīz (1922-73), who was apparently assassinated by Soviet agents.

• GALBANUM

  Hushang Aʿlam

  (Pers. bārīja, bārzad), a slightly bitter odorous gum resin obtained from several Asian umbelliferous plants, for which numerous medicinal uses have been recorded.

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• ḠĀLEB DADA, MOḤAMMAD ASʿAD

  Tahsın Yazici

  also known as Mehmed Esad Galib Dede, Shaikh Ḡāleb, or Şeyh Galib (b. Istanbul, 1757; d. Galata, 1799) poet in Turkish and Persian.

• ḠĀLEB, Mīrzā ASAD-ALLĀH Khan

  Munibur Rahman

  (b. Agra, 1797; d. Delhi, 1869), one of the greatest poets of Muslim India who wrote poems in both Persian and Urdu.

• GALEN

  Cross-Reference

   See JĀLINUS.

• GALERIUS

  Cross-Reference

  See NARSEH.

• GĀLEŠĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See GĪLĀN x. LANGUAGES

• GALĪN QAYA

  Cross-Reference

  dialect. See HARZANDĪ.

• GALLIMARD PRESS

  Cross-Reference

  See PUBLISHING HOUSES.

• ḠALYĀN

  Shahnaz Razpush and EIr

  or QALYĀN (nargileh); a water pipe chiefly used in the Middle East and Central Asia for smoking tobacco. It is composed of several parts: the bādgīr (chimney); sar-e ḡālyān or sarpūš (the top bowl; sar-ḵāna in Afghanistan); tana (the body); mīlāb (the immersion pipe); ney-e pīč (hose); and kūza (the reservoir of water).

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• ḠALZĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See ḠILZĪ.

• ḠAMĀM HAMADĀNĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See ḠEMĀM HAMADĀNĪ.

• GAMASĀB

  Cross-Reference

  See KARḴA RIVER, forthcoming online.

• GAMBRA

  Cross-Reference

  See BANDAR-e ʿABBĀS(Ī).

• GAMBRON

  Cross-Reference

  See BANDAR-e ʿABBĀS(Ī).

• GAMES

  Cross-Reference

  See BĀZĪ.

• GAN(N)ĀG MĒNŪG

  Cross-Reference

  See AHRIMAN.

• GANĀVA

  Minu Yusofnezhad

  county (šahrestān) and port city on the Persian Gulf in the province of Būšehr.

• GANDĀPŪR

  M. Jamil Hanifi

  one of two Šērānī Pashtun/Paxtun tribal segments (the other being the Baḵtīār), who claim origin in southwestern Afghanistan.

• GANDĀPŪR, ŠĒR MOḤAMMAD KHAN

  M. Jamil Hanifi

  b. Mehrdād Khan b. Āzād Khan, author of the Persian Tawārīḵ-e ḵoršīd-e jahān, an important chronicle containing genealogical accounts and tables of Pashtun/Paxtun tribal groups.

• GAṆDARƎBA

  Antonio Panaino

  (Mid. Pers. Gandarw/Gandarb), a term attested the Avesta as the name of a monster living in the lake Vourukaṧa.