Table of Contents
-
FATALISM
Based on a longer article by ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Zarrīnkūb
in the Islamic period. The concept of fatalism as commonly used in Islamic philosophy and Persian literature denotes the belief in the pre-ordained Decree of God (qażā wa qadar), according to which whatever happens to human beings or in the whole universe has been pre-determined by the will and knowledge of the Almighty, and that no changes or transformations in it can be made through the agency of the human will.
-
FATĀWĪ-E ʿĀLAMGĪRĪ
S. H. Qasemi
abridged Persian translation by Qāżī Najm-al-Dīn Khan Kākorī of a six-volume Arabic work on Hanafite law (ed. Būlāq, 1859) considered the authoritative compendium of religious law, policy, and practice in India.
-
FATE
Cross-Reference
-
FĀTEḤ, MOṢṬAFĀ
Bāqer ʿĀqelī
(b. Isfahan, 1896; d. London, 1978), a deputy director-general of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and banker.
-
FĀṬEMA
Jean Calmard
daughter of the Prophet Moḥammad.
-
FĀṬEMA-SOLṬĀN
Cross-Reference
See ANĪS-AL-DAWLA.
-
FĀṬEMĪ, ḤOSAYN
Fakhreddin Azimi
Fāṭemī protested against the government rigging of the elections for the Sixteenth Majles with Moṣaddeq, helped to mobilize support, and in October 1949 was one of a delegation selected to accompany Moṣaddeq in a sit-in (bast) at the royal palace protesting the conduct of the elections.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
FATḤ
EIr
b. ḴĀQĀN (d. 861), famous bibliophile, author, courtier, and official in ʿAbbasid times.
-
FATḤ JANG
Mehrdad Shokoohy
or Mīrzā Ebrāhīm (d. 1623-24), a Mughal official.
-
FATḤ-ʿALĪ ĀḴŪNDZĀDA
Cross-Reference
See AḴŪNDZĀDA.
-
FATḤ-ʿALĪ KHAN AFŠAR ARAŠLŪ
Cross-Reference
See AFŠĀR.
-
FATḤ-ʿALĪ KHAN QĀJĀR
ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN NAVĀʾĪ
chief of the Ašāqa-bāš division of the Qajar tribes at Astarābād at the time of the demise of the Safavid dynasty.
-
FATḤ-ʿALĪ SHAH QĀJĀR
Abbas Amanat
(1769-1834), second ruler of the Qajar dynasty. He transformed a largely Turkic tribal khanship into a centralized and stable monarchy on the old imperial model which brought to the Guarded Domains of Persia (mamālek-e maḥrūsa-ye Īrān) a period of relative calm and prosperity, secured a state-religious symbiosis, and fostered a period of cultural and artistic revival.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
FATḤ-ALLĀH ŠĪRĀZĪ, SAYYED MĪR
Sharif Husain Qasemi
a famous sixteenth century Sufi, an official in Mughal India, and one of the most learned men of his time.
-
FATḤ-NĀMA
C. Edmund Bosworth
Arabic-Persian term used to denote proclamations and letters announcing victories in battle or the successful conclusion of military campaigns.
-
FATIMIDS
Farhad Daftary
relations with Persia. A major Ismaʿili Shiʿite dynasty, the Fatimids founded their own caliphate, in rivalry with the ʿAbbasids, and ruled over different parts of the Islamic world, from North Africa and Sicily to Palestine and Syria.
-
FATTĀḤĪ NĪŠĀBŪRĪ, MOḤAMMAD
Tahsın Yazici
b. Yaḥyā Sībak (d. 1448), Persian poet of the Timurid era, born in Nīšāpūr (hence his nesba Nīšābūrī) at an unknown date.
-
FATWĀ
Hamid Algar
the authoritative ruling of a religious scholar on questions of Islamic jurisprudence that are either dubious or obscure in nature or which have newly arisen without known precedent.
-
FAUNA i. FAUNA OF PERSIA
Steven Anderson
the assemblage of animal species, generally excluding domestic animals, living within a defined geographical area or ecological zone.
-
FAUNA ii, iii. FAUNA OF CENTRAL ASIA
O. L. Kryzhanovskiĭ
the assemblage of animal species, generally excluding domestic animals, living within a defined geographical area or ecological zone. OVERVIEW of the entry: i. Fauna of Persia. ii. Fauna of Afghanistan. iii. Fauna of Central Asia.
-
FAUSTUS
James R. Russell
fifth-century author of the Patmutʿiwn Hayocʿ (History of the Armenians) or Buzandaran.
-
FAVA BEANS
Cross-Reference
See BĀQELĀ.
-
FAWZĪ MOSTĀRĪ
Cross-Reference
See FEVZİ MOSTĀRĪ.
-
FAWZĪ, MOḤAMMAD
Cross-Reference
See FEVZI EFENDI.
-
FAYYĀŻ LĀHĪJĪ
Cross-Reference
-
FAYYĀŻ, ʿALĪ-AKBAR MAJĪDĪ
Jalāl Matīnī
Fayyāż remained an indefatigable scholar all his life, combining his profound knowledge of traditional Islamic sciences and Persian literature with modern methodology in scholarship and literary criticism.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
FAYŻ MOḤAMMAD KĀTEB
R. D. McChesney and A. H. Tarzi
Afghan court chronicler and secretary to the amir Ḥabīb–Allāh Khan (r. 1901-19).
-
FAYŻ-E KĀŠĀNĪ, MOLLĀ MOḤSEN-MOḤAMMAD
Hamid Algar
b. Šāh Mortażā b. Šāh Maḥmūd (b. 1598-9, d. 1679), prolific and versatile scholar of the Safavid period, celebrated chiefly for his Sufi inclinations.
-
FAYŻĀBĀD
Daniel Balland
a toponym of auspicious meaning (“blessed abode”) which enjoys great popularity throughout the Iranian world.
-
FAYŻĪ, ABU’L-FAYŻ
Munibur Rahman
(b. Agra, 1547; d. Lahore, 1595), Mughal court poet, also known as Fayżī Fayyāżī, who wrote mainly in Persian.
-
FAYŻĪ, ABU’L-QĀSEM
Moojan Momen
(1906-1980), Bahai teacher, missionary, and author.
-
FAŻĀʾEL-E BALḴ
Arezou Azad
13th-century local history from Balḵ in eastern Khorasan, with a collection of biographies of Balḵ’s early Islamic scholars and mystics. It differs from many other local histories of medieval Islamic cities in that it comprises a mix of historical, topographical, and prosopographical information.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
FĀŻEL KHAN GARRŪSĪ, MOḤAMMAD
Īraj Afšār
(1784-1843), poet, litterateur, and secretary during the reigns of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah (1797-1834) and Moḥammad Shah Qājār (1834-48).
-
FĀŻEL MĀZANDARĀNĪ, MĪRZĀ ASAD-ALLĀH
Moojan Momen
(b. Bābol, 1881; d. Ḵorramšahr, 1957), Bahai scholar and missionary.
-
FĀŻEL TŪNĪ, MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN
Hūšang Etteḥād
From the beginning of 1934, Mohammad-Hosayn taught Arabic language and literature and Islamic philosophy at the University of Tehran; he retired in 1958. He was known for his memory, his sense of humor, and his ability to form friendships with colleagues from different disciplines.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
FAZEL, JAVAD
Ḥasan Mirʿābedini
(1914-1961), noted serial writer, and a pioneering figure in simplifying and popularizing religious texts.
-
FAŻL NAYRĪZĪ
David Pingree
(fl. 900 C.E.), ABU’L ʿABBĀS b. Ḥātem, mathematician and astronomer. His family originated from Nayrīz/Nīrīz, a small town near Shiraz. Almost nothing is known of his personal life.
-
FAŻL, b. AḤMAD ESFARĀʾENĪ
Cross-Reference
See ESFARĀʾENĪ, FAŻL B. AḤMAD.
-
FAŻL, b. Šāḏān NĪŠĀPŪRĪ AZDĪ, ABŪ MOḤAMMAD
Etan Kohlberg
(d. 873), Imami traditionalist, theologian, and jurisprudent.
-
FAŻL, b. SAHL b. Zādānfarrūḵ
C. Edmund Bosworth
(d. 818), high official of the early ʿAbbasids and vizier to the caliph al-Maʾmūn (r. 813-33).
-
FAŻL-ALLĀH ḤORŪFĪ
Cross-Reference
-
FAŻL-ALLĀH NŪRĪ, SHAIKH
Cross-reference
See NŪRĪ, FAŻL-ALLĀH.
-
FAŻLĪ NAMANGĀNĪ, ʿABD-AL-KARĪM
Michael Zand
(d. after 1822), Central Asian bilingual poet (Persian and Chaghatay), taḏkera compiler, and historian.
-
FAŻLĪ, MEḤMED
Tahsın Yazici
(b. Istanbul; d. Kütahya, 1563), Moḥammad or ʿAlī ÇAĞDAŞLAN; Turkish poet, known also as Qara Fażlī.
-
FAŻLŪYA DYNASTY
Cross-Reference
See ĀL-E FAŻLŪYA.
-
FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU’L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL
ʿAbd-Allāh Mardūḵ
known also as Neẓām-al-Dīn Fażl-Allāh, chief of the Šabānkāra Kurds in Fārs during the 11th century.
-
FEDĀʾĪ
Farhad Daftary
or fedāwī; devotee, a person who offers his life for others or in the service of a particular cause.
-
FEDĀʾĪ ḴORĀSĀNĪ, MOḤAMMAD
Farhad Daftary
b. Zayn-al-ʿĀbedīn b. Karbalāʾī Dāwūd (b. ca. 1850; d. 1923), foremost Persian Nezārī Ismaʿili author and poet of modern times, who is referred to as Ḥājī Āḵūnd in the Persian Nezārī community.
-
FEDĀʾĪĀN-E ESLĀM
FARHAD KAZEMI
a Shiʿite fundamentalist group with a strong activist political orientation founded in 1945 by a charismatic figure, Sayyed Mojtabā Mīrlawḥī (1923-55).
-
FEHİM SÜLEYMAN EFENDİ
Tahsın Yazici
or FAHĪM SOLAYMĀN (b. Istanbul, 1789; d. 1846), a Persian teacher and poet of Turkish origin.