Table of Contents

• FĀṬEMA

  Jean Calmard

  daughter of the Prophet Moḥammad.

• FĀṬEMA-SOLṬĀN

  Cross-Reference

  See ANĪS-AL-DAWLA.

• FĀṬEMĪ, ḤOSAYN

  Fakhreddin Azimi

  (1917-54), journalist, a leader of the National Front, and the minister of foreign affairs under Moḥammad Moṣaddeq.

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• FATḤ

  EIr

  b. ḴĀQĀN (d. 861), famous bibliophile, author, courtier, and official in ʿAbbasid times.

• FATḤ JANG

  Mehrdad Shokoohy

  or Mīrzā Ebrāhīm (d. 1623-24), a Mughal official. 

• FATḤ-ʿALĪ ĀḴŪNDZĀDA

  Cross-Reference

  See AḴŪNDZĀDA.

• FATḤ-ʿALĪ KHAN AFŠAR ARAŠLŪ

  Cross-Reference

  See AFŠĀR.

• FATḤ-ʿALĪ KHAN QĀJĀR

  ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN NAVĀʾĪ

  chief of the Ašāqa-bāš division of the Qajar tribes at Astarābād at the time of the demise of the Safavid dynasty.

• FATḤ-ʿALĪ SHAH QĀJĀR

  Abbas Amanat

  (1769-1834), second ruler of the Qajar dynasty. He transformed a largely Turkic tribal khanship into a centralized and stable monarchy on the old imperial model which brought to the Guarded Domains of Persia (mamālek-e maḥrūsa-ye Īrān) a period of relative calm and prosperity, secured a state-religious symbiosis, and fostered a period of cultural and artistic revival.

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• FATḤ-ALLĀH ŠĪRĀZĪ, SAYYED MĪR

  Sharif Husain Qasemi

  a famous sixteenth century Sufi, an official in Mughal India, and one of the most learned men of his time.

• FATḤ-NĀMA

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  Arabic-Persian term used to denote proclamations and letters announcing victories in battle or the successful conclusion of military campaigns.

• FATIMIDS

  Farhad Daftary

  relations with Persia. A major Ismaʿili Shiʿite dynasty, the Fatimids founded their own caliphate, in rivalry with the ʿAbbasids, and ruled over different parts of the Islamic world, from North Africa and Sicily to Palestine and Syria.

• FATTĀḤĪ NĪŠĀBŪRĪ, MOḤAMMAD

  Tahsın Yazici

  b. Yaḥyā Sībak (d. 1448), Persian poet of the Timurid era, born in Nīšāpūr (hence his nesba Nīšābūrī) at an unknown date.

• FATWĀ

  Hamid Algar

  the authoritative ruling of a religious scholar on questions of Islamic jurisprudence that are either dubious or obscure in nature or which have newly arisen without known precedent.

• FAUNA i. FAUNA OF PERSIA

  Steven Anderson

  The Persian fauna is known in piecemeal fashion from studies of various groups of animals, but there has so far been no coordinated effort to record the entire range systematically, as there has been for the Persian flora and for the fauna of the former Soviet Union, former British India, and the Arabian peninsula.

• FAUNA ii, iii. FAUNA OF CENTRAL ASIA

  O. L. Kryzhanovskiĭ

  the assemblage of animal species, generally excluding domestic animals, living within a defined geographical area or ecological zone. OVERVIEW of the entry: i. Fauna of Persia. ii. Fauna of Afghanistan. iii. Fauna of Central Asia.

• FAUSTUS

  James R. Russell

  fifth-century author of the Patmutʿiwn Hayocʿ (History of the Armenians) or Buzandaran.

• FAVA BEANS

  Cross-Reference

  See BĀQELĀ.

• FAWZĪ MOSTĀRĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See FEVZİ MOSTĀRĪ.

• FAWZĪ, MOḤAMMAD

  Cross-Reference

  See FEVZI EFENDI.

• FAYYĀŻ LĀHĪJĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See ʿABD-AL-RAZZĀQ LĀHĪJĪ.

• FAYYĀŻ, ʿALĪ-AKBAR MAJĪDĪ

  Jalāl Matīnī

  (b. Mašhad, 1898; d. Mašhad, 1971), scholar and educator.

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• FAYŻ MOḤAMMAD KĀTEB

  R. D. McChesney and A. H. Tarzi

  Afghan court chronicler and secretary to the amir Ḥabīb–Allāh Khan (r. 1901-19).

• FAYŻ-E KĀŠĀNĪ, MOLLĀ MOḤSEN-MOḤAMMAD

  Hamid Algar

  b. Šāh Mortażā b. Šāh Maḥmūd (b. 1598-9, d. 1679), prolific and versatile scholar of the Safavid period, celebrated chiefly for his Sufi inclinations.

• FAYŻĀBĀD

  Daniel Balland

  a toponym of auspicious meaning (“blessed abode”) which enjoys great popularity throughout the Iranian world.

• FAYŻĪ, ABU’L-FAYŻ

  Munibur Rahman

  (b. Agra, 1547; d. Lahore, 1595), Mughal court poet, also known as Fayżī Fayyāżī, who wrote mainly in Persian.

• FAYŻĪ, ABU’L-QĀSEM

  Moojan Momen

  (1906-1980), Bahai teacher, missionary, and author.

• FĀŻEL KHAN GARRŪSĪ, MOḤAMMAD

  Īraj Afšār

  (1784-1843), poet, litterateur, and secretary during the reigns of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah (1797-1834) and Moḥammad Shah Qājār (1834-48).

• FĀŻEL MĀZANDARĀNĪ, MĪRZĀ ASAD-ALLĀH

  Moojan Momen

  (b. Bābol, 1881; d. Ḵorramšahr, 1957), Bahai scholar and missionary.

• FĀŻEL TŪNĪ, MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN

  Hūšang Etteḥād

  (b. Tūn, 1871; d. Tehran, 1960), scholar and teacher of Islamic philosophy.

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• FAZEL, JAVAD

  Ḥasan Mirʿābedini

  (1914-1961), noted serial writer, and a pioneering figure in simplifying and popularizing religious texts.

• FAŻL NAYRĪZĪ

  David Pingree

  , ABU’L ʿABBĀS b. Ḥātem, mathematician and astronomer (fl. 900 C.E.). His family originated from Nayrīz/Nīrīz, a small town near Shiraz. Almost nothing is known of his personal life. The fact that he

• FAŻL, b. AḤMAD ESFARĀʾENĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See ESFARĀʾENĪ, FAŻL B. AḤMAD.

• FAŻL, b. Šāḏān NĪŠĀPŪRĪ AZDĪ, ABŪ MOḤAMMAD

  Etan Kohlberg

  (d. 873), Imami traditionalist, theologian, and jurisprudent.

• FAŻL, b. SAHL b. Zādānfarrūḵ

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  (d. 818), high official of the early ʿAbbasids and vizier to the caliph al-Maʾmūn (r. 813-33).

• FAŻL-ALLĀH ḤORŪFĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See ASTARĀBĀDĪ, FAŻLALLĀH.

• FAŻL-ALLĀH NŪRĪ, SHAIKH

  Cross-reference

  See NŪRĪ, FAŻL-ALLĀH.

• FAŻLĪ NAMANGĀNĪ, ʿABD-AL-KARĪM

  Michael Zand

  (d. after 1822), Central Asian bilingual poet (Persian and Chaghatay), taḏkera compiler, and historian.

• FAŻLĪ, MEḤMED

  Tahsın Yazici

  (b. Istanbul; d. Kütahya, 1563), Moḥammad or ʿAlī ÇAĞDAŞLAN; Turkish poet, known also as Qara Fażlī.

• FAŻLŪYA DYNASTY

  Cross-Reference

  See ĀL-E FAŻLŪYA.

• FAŻLŪYA, Amir ABU’L-ʿABBĀS FAŻL

  ʿAbd-Allāh Mardūḵ

  known also as Neẓām-al-Dīn Fażl-Allāh, chief of the Šabānkāra Kurds in Fārs during the 11th century.

• FEDĀʾĪ

  Farhad Daftary

  or fedāwī; devotee, a person who offers his life for others or in the service of a particular cause.

• FEDĀʾĪ ḴORĀSĀNĪ, MOḤAMMAD

  Farhad Daftary

  b. Zayn-al-ʿĀbedīn b. Karbalāʾī Dāwūd (b. ca. 1850; d. 1923), foremost Persian Nezārī Ismaʿili author and poet of modern times, who is referred to as Ḥājī Āḵūnd in the Persian Nezārī community.

• FEDĀʾĪĀN-E ESLĀM

  FARHAD KAZEMI

  a Shiʿite fundamentalist group with a strong activist political orientation founded in 1945 by a charismatic figure, Sayyed Mojtabā Mīrlawḥī (1923-55).

• FEDĀʾĪĀN-E ḴALQ

  Cross-Reference

  See COMMUNISM iii.

• FEHİM SÜLEYMAN EFENDİ

  Tahsın Yazici

  or FAHĪM SOLAYMĀN (b. Istanbul, 1789; d. 1846), a Persian teacher and poet of Turkish origin.

• FEHREST

  Rudolf Sellheim and Mohsen Zakeri, François de Blois, Werner Sundermann

  or Ketāb al-fehrest; a celebrated catalogue of books in Arabic, drafted in 987 by Ebn al-Nadīm. Some scholars regard him as a Persian, but this is not certain. However, his choice of a rather rare Persian word for the title of a handbook on Arabic literature is noteworthy.

• FEKETE, Lajos

  ANDRÁS BODROGLIGETI

  (1891-1969), Hungarian historian and specialist of Turkish-Persian paleography.

• FELĀḤAT-E MOẒAFFARĪ

  Nassereddin Parvin

  the first monthly magazine in Persia dealing with agricultural issues published from August 1900 to Noveber 1907; the official publication of the General Agricultural Office of Persia.

• FELFEL

  Hūšang Aʿlam

  modern Persian term designating the fruits and/or berries of two botanically different groups of plants: the pepper proper and the capsicum peppers.