Table of Contents
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FARHANG
Nassereddin Parvin
the title of five newspapers and magazines printed in Persia and Europe.
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FARHANG Ī OĪM
Cross-Reference
See FRAHANG Ī OĪM.
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FARHANG Ī PAHLAVIG
Cross-reference
See FRAHANG Ī PAHLAWĪG.
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FARHANG O ZENDAGĪ
Nasserddin Parvin
a periodical published in 28 issues from winter 1969 to spring 1978 by the Secretariat of the High Council of Culture and Art (Dabīr-ḵāna-ye Šūrā-ye ʿalī-e farhang o honar).
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FARHANG, MĪRZĀ ABU’L-QĀSEM ŠĪRĀZĪ
Moḥammad Dabīrsīāqī
(b. Shiraz, 1827; d. Shiraz, 1891), poet, scholar, and calligrapher.
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FARHANG-E ĀNANDRĀJ
Solomon Baevskiĭ
a dictionary of the Persian language named in honor of the maharaja Ānand Gajapatī Rāj, the nineteenth century ruler of Vijayanagar in South India.
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FARHANG-E ASADĪ
Cross-reference
an alternative title for the dictionary Loḡat-e fors. See undeer the author, ASĀDĪ TŪSĪ.
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FARHANG-E EBRĀHĪMĪ
Solomon Bayevsky
Persian-language dictionary compiled by the well-known fifteenth century poet Ebrāhīm Qewām-al-Dīn Fārūqī.
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FARHANG-E HAYĪM
Cross-Reference
See HAYĪM, SOLAYMĀN.
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FARHANG-E ĪRĀN-ZAMĪN
Nasserddin Parvin
a research quarterly first published in Tehran in March 1953.
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FARHANG-E JAHĀNGĪRĪ
Solomon Bayevsky
It took Ḥosayn Enjū twelve years to complete his dictionary (1005-17/1595-1608), which he named in honor of Jahāngīr. He produced a second edition in 1032/1622. The dictionary lists 9,830 words: 8,960 Persian; 630 Arabic; 140 Indian; and about a hundred entries of Turkic and Greek origin as well as words from various dialects.
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FARHANG-E MOʿĪN
Kamran Talattof and EIr
an important Persian encyclopaedic dictionary published in six volumes in Tehran between 1963 and 1973.
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FARHANG-E NĀFĪSĪ
Cross-Reference
See NĀẒEM-AL-AṬEBBĀʾ.
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FARHANG-E NEẒĀM
Cross-reference
See DĀʿĪ-AL-ESLĀM.
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FARHANG-E QAWWĀS
Solomon Bayevsky
a Persian dictionary compiled probably no later than 1315 by the founder of Persian lexicography in India, the poet and writer Faḵr-al-Dīn Mobārakšāh Qawwās Ḡaznavī, or Faḵr-e Qawwās, known also as Kamāngar.
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FARHANG-E RAŠĪDĪ
Solomon Bayevsky
Persian dictionary compiled in India in 1654 by the poet and scholar ʿAbd-al- Rašīd b. ʿAbd-al-Ḡafūr Ḥosaynī Tattavī.
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FARHANG-E SORŪRĪ
Solomon Bayevsky
a dictionary of the Persian language, also known as Majmaʿ al-fors and Loḡat-e Sorūrī, compiled by the Persian poet Moḥammad-Qāsem Sorūrī.
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FARHANG-E TĀRĪḴĪ-E ZABĀN-E FĀRSĪ
Aḥmad Tafażżolī
a comprehensive historical dictionary of the Persian language, of which only one volume has been published so far.
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FARHANG-E WAFĀʾI
Solomon Bayevsky
or Resāla-ye Wafāʾi; a Persian lexicon of some 2,425 mainly literary terms, compiled by Ḥosayn Wafāʾi in 1527 and dedicated to the Safavid Shah Ṭahmāsb I.
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FARHANG-E ZABĀN-E TĀJĪKĪ
Habib Borjian
(Farhangi zaboni tojikī, Tajik Language Dictionary), a descriptive dictionary of classical Persian in two volumes (1,900 pages).
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FARHANG-E ZAFĀNGŪYĀ WA JAHĀNPŪYĀ
Cross-reference
See BADR-AL-DĪN EBRĀHĪM.
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FARHANGESTĀN
M. A. Jazayeri
a term for “academy” which gained currency in the 20th century to denote an association of scholars.
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FARHANGI ZABONI TOJIKĪ
Cross-reference
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FARĪBORZ
Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh
son of Key Kāvūs.
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FARĪBORZ
Cross-Reference
b. Salār. See ŠARVĀNŠĀH.
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FARĪD
EIr
b. Shaikh Maʿrūf BHAKKARĪ, 16-17th century author of an important biographical dictionary in Persian of Mughal notables, the Ḏaḵīrat al-ḵawanīn.
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FARĪD ESFARĀYENĪ, Malek-al-Šoʿarāʾ Ḵᵛāja FARĪD-AL-DĪN AḤWAL
Ḏabīḥ-Allāh Ṣafā
or Eṣfahānī (d. after 1264), 13th-century Persian poet.
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FARĪD KĀTEB
Sheila S. Blair
scribe active in Shiraz in the 16th century.
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FARĪD-AL-DĪN GANJ-E ŠAKAR
Cross-Reference
See GANJ-E ŠAKAR.
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FARĪD-AL-DĪN, ABŪ’L-ḤASAN ʿALĪ ŠARVĀNĪ
Cross-Reference
See FAHHĀD.
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FARĪDAN
Mīnū Yūsofnežād
a county (šahrestān) located at the foot of the Zagros mountains in the western part of Isfahan province, bordered on the north by Ḵᵛānsār, on the northwest by Alīgūdarz (in Lorestān province), on the west by the county of Farīdūn-æahr, on the east by Najafābād, and on the south by Šahr-e Kord and Fārsān.
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FARĪDŪN
Cross-Reference
See FERĒDŪN.
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FARIGHUNIDS
Cross-Reference
See ĀL-E FARĪḠŪN.
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FARĪḠŪNIDS
Cross-Reference
See ĀL-E FARĪḠŪN.
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FARĪZANDĪ
Cross-reference
See CENTRAL DIALECTS; see also NAṬANZĪ.
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FARḴĀR
Erwin F. Grötzbach
river, valley, and administrative district (woloswālī), in Taḵār province, northeastern Afghanistan.
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FARMĀN
Bert G. Fragner
“decree, command, order, judgement.” The term often denotes a royal or governmental decree, that is a public and legislative document promulgated in the name of the ruler or another person holding elements of sovereignty.
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FARMĀNFARMĀ
Ahmad Ashraf
lit. “giver of an order,” i.e., ruler, commander; an epithet with three usages in the Safavid and Qajar periods.
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FARMĀNFARMĀ, ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN MĪRZĀ
Cyrus Mir and EIr
(1858-1939), Qajar prince-governor, military commander, skillful politician, head of various ministries, and prime minister. He managed to sail successfully the stormy sea of Persian politics for several decades while the entire social and political landscape was undergoing dramatic change.
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FARMĀNFARMĀ, FEREYDŪN MĪRZĀ
ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN NAVĀʾĪ
(d. Mašhad, 1854), fifth son of the Qajar prince ʿAbbās Mīrzā and elder brother of Solṭān Morād Mīrzā Ḥosām-al-Salṭana.
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FARMĀNFARMĀ, FĪRŪZ MĪRZĀ NOṢRAT-AL-DAWLA
Shireen Mahdavi
(1817-1886), sixteenth son of ʿAbbās Mīrzā and grandson of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah. His political and military career flourished in the reigns of his brother Moḥammad Shah (834-48) and his nephew Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah (1848-96).
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FARMĀNFARMĀ, ḤOSAYN-ʿALĪ MĪRZĀ
Gavin R. G. Hambly
(1789-1835), the fifth son of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah, long-time governor of Fārs, and briefly the self-styled king of Persia.
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FARMĀNFARMĀ, MAḤMŪD KHAN NĀṢER-AL-MOLK
ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN NAVĀʿĪ
(b. ca. 1828-29; d. Tehran, 1887), high-ranking official in the reign of Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah (1848-96).
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FARMING
Mohammad-Said Nouri Naini
in Persia. In the mid-1990s Persian agriculture accounted for over 25 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 25 percent of employment, and 33 percent of non-oil exports. It also met 75 percent of domestic food requirements and 90 percent of the needs of agricultural industries in the country.
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FARNAH
Cross-reference
See FARR(AH).
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FARNŪDSĀR
Cross-Reference
See NAẒEM-AL-AṬEBBĀʾ.
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FARŌḴŠI
Mary Boyce and Firoze Kotwal
the name of a Zoroastrian ceremony for departed souls, also called Farošīn, in Irani Zoroastrian dialect Parošīn.
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FARR(AH)
Gherardo Gnoli
Avestan Xᵛarənah, lit. “glory,” according to the most likely etymology and the semantic function reconstructed from its occurrence in various contexts and phases of the Iranian languages.
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FARR(AH) ii. ICONOGRAPHY OF FARR(AH)/XᵛARƎNAH
Abolala Soudavar
The core myth that reveals the characteristics of farr is the myth of Jamšid in the Avesta. Empowered by his farr, Jamšid rules the world, but loses it when he strays from the righteous path.
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FARRANT, FRANCIS
Denis Wright
(1803?-1868), Colonel, British soldier and diplomat.