Table of Contents

• FASĀʾĪ, ḤĀJJ MĪRZĀ ḤASAN ḤOSAYNĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See FĀRS-NĀMA-YE NĀṢERĪ.

• FAṢD

  Cross-Reference

  See BLOODLETTING.

• FASIH, Esma’il

  Ali Ferdowsi

  (1935-2009), eminent Persian novelist and translator.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• FAṢĪḤĪ HERAVĪ, MĪRZĀ FAṢĪḤ-AL-DĪN

  ḎABĪḤ-ĀLLĀH ṢAFĀ

  b. Abu’l-Makārem b. Mawlānā Mīrjān Anṣārī (1579-1639), poet of the 11th/17th century.

• FASMER, RICHARD RICHARDOVICH

  Anatol Ivanov

  or VASMER (1858-1938), eminent Russian numismatist.

• FASTING

  Denise Soufi

  in Persia. Both individually and communally, fasting is typically a religious exercise—employed by devotees as means of supplication to the will of God, preparation for rites of devotion, worship of divinity, purification of the body so that spiritual issues can be better comprehended, penitence for transgressions against religious codes, and mourning for deceased persons.  OVERVIEW of entry: i. Among Zoroastrians, Manicheans, and Bahais. ii. In Sunni and Shiʿite Islam.

• FATALISM

  Based on a longer article by ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Zarrīnkūb

  in the Islamic period. The concept of fatalism as commonly used in Islamic philosophy and Persian literature denotes the belief in the pre-ordained Decree of God (qażā wa qadar), according to which whatever happens to human beings or in the whole universe has been pre-determined by the will and knowledge of the Almighty, and that no changes or transformations in it can be made through the agency of the human will.

• FATĀWĪ-E ʿĀLAMGĪRĪ

  S. H. Qasemi

  abridged Persian translation by Qāżī Najm-al-Dīn Khan Kākorī of a six-volume Arabic work on Hanafite law (ed. Būlāq, 1859) considered the authoritative compendium of religious law, policy, and practice in India.

• FATE

  Cross-Reference

  See BAḴT; FATALISM; FREE WILL.

• FĀTEḤ, MOṢṬAFĀ

  Bāqer ʿĀqelī

  (b. Isfahan, 1896; d. London, 1978), a deputy director-general of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and banker.