Table of Contents

• FARIGHUNIDS

  Cross-Reference

  See ĀL-E FARĪḠŪN.

• FARĪḠŪNIDS

  Cross-Reference

  See ĀL-E FARĪḠŪN.

• FARĪZANDĪ

  Cross-reference

  See CENTRAL DIALECTS; see also NAṬANZĪ.

• FARḴĀR

  Erwin F. Grötzbach

  river, valley, and administrative district (woloswālī), in Taḵār province, northeastern Afghanistan.

• FARMĀN

  Bert G. Fragner

  “decree, command, order, judgement.” The term often denotes a royal or governmental decree, that is a public and legislative document promulgated in the name of the ruler or another person  holding elements of sovereignty.

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• FARMĀNFARMĀ

  Ahmad Ashraf

  lit. “giver of an order,” i.e., ruler, commander; an epithet with three usages in the Safavid and Qajar periods.

• FARMĀNFARMĀ, ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN MĪRZĀ

  Cyrus Mir and EIr

  (1858-1939), Qajar prince-governor, military commander, skillful politician, head of various ministries, and prime minister. He managed to sail successfully the stormy sea of Persian politics for several decades while the entire social and political landscape was undergoing dramatic change.

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• FARMĀNFARMĀ, FEREYDŪN MĪRZĀ

  ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN NAVĀʾĪ

  (d. Mašhad, 1854), fifth son of the Qajar prince ʿAbbās Mīrzā and elder brother of Solṭān Morād Mīrzā Ḥosām-al-Salṭana.

• FARMĀNFARMĀ, FĪRŪZ MĪRZĀ NOṢRAT-AL-DAWLA

  Shireen Mahdavi

  (1817-1886), sixteenth son of ʿAbbās Mīrzā and grandson of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah. His political and military career flourished in the reigns of his brother Moḥammad Shah (834-48) and his nephew Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah (1848-96), under whom he held numerous governorships and other prominent posts.

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• FARMĀNFARMĀ, ḤOSAYN-ʿALĪ MĪRZĀ

  Gavin R. G. Hambly

  (1789-1835), the fifth son of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah, long-time governor of Fārs, and briefly the self-styled king of Persia.