Table of Contents

• ETTEFĀQ-E KĀRGARĀN

  Nassereddin Parvin

  a daily newspaper published by the striking print-workers union in Tehran in 1910, one of the first labor or socialist newspaper published in Persia.

• ETTEḤĀD

  Nassereddin Parvin

  title of eleven Persian language newspapers.

• ETTEHĀD-E ESLĀM

  Cross-Reference

  See KUČEK KHAN.

• ETTEHĀDĪYA, ŠERKAT-E

  Mansoureh Ettehadiyeh Nezam-Mafi

  an exchange company (ṣarrāfī) founded in Tabrīz in 1887 by the brothers Ḥājī ʿAlī and Ḥājī Mahdī Kūzakanānī in partnership with two local money changers, Sayed Mortażā and Ḥājī Loṭf-ʿAlī, and other Tabrīzī merchants.

• EṬṬELĀʿ

  Nassereddin Parvin

  title of a Persian newspaper and a magazine.

• EṬṬELĀʿĀT

  Nasserddin Parvin

  lit. “information, knowledge”; the oldest running Tehran afternoon daily newspaper and the oldest running Persian daily in the world. It was first published on 10 July 1926 as the organ of Markaz-e Eṭṭelāʿāt-e Īrān, the first Persian news agency.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ETTINGHAUSEN, RICHARD

  Priscilla P. Soucek

  Although Ettinghausen’s official role at the Berlin Museum ended in early 1933 because of decrees issued by the National Socialist Party, he retained an admiration for the work of his former colleagues, epecially that of F. Sarre.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• EUCRATIDES

  Paul Bernard

  name of two Greco-Bactrian kings: (1) Eucratides I (r. 170-145 B.C.E.), one of the last and most powerful of the Greco-Bactrian kings and (2) Eucratides II, another Greco-Bactrian king, (r. 145-140 B.C.E.) known only through his coinage.

• EUGENIUS

  Nicholas Sims-Williams

  or MĀRAWGEN; legendary Christian saint traditionally credited with the introduction of Egyptian monasticism into Mesopotamia and Persia.

• EULAEUS RIVER

  Cross-Reference

  See KARḴEH.