Table of Contents

• EKEŁEACʿ

  James Russell

  Gk. Akilisēnē, region along the Euphrates in northwest Armenia.

• EKRĀM, MOḤAMMAD

  J. Bečka

  or Ekrom, b. ʿAbd-al-Salām (1847-1925), known as Dāmollā Ekrāmče, a Bukharan scholar and madrasa teacher.

• EKRĀMĪ, JALĀL

  J. Bečka

  or Jalol Ikromī (1909-93), considered to be Tajikistan’s most important fiction writer and playwright of the Soviet period.

• EḴŠĪD

  F. Grenet and N. Sims-Williams

  Arabo-Persian form of a Sogdian royal title attested in Sogdian script as (ʾ)xšyδ and in Manichean script as (ʾ)xšy(y)δ.

• EKSĪR

  Cross-Reference

  See KĪMĪĀ.

• EḴTESĀN, TĀJ-AL-MOLK MOḤAMMAD

  Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi

  b. Aḥmad b. Ḥasan ʿAbdūsī Dehlavī (1300-51), author in Persian and secretary (dabīr) at the courts of the Tughluqid sultans Ḡīāṯ-al-Dīn Tōḡloq and his son Ḡīāṯ-al-Dīn Mo-ḥammad.

• EḴTĪĀR MONŠĪ, ḴᵛĀJA

  W. Thackston

  (fl. mid 10th/16th cent.), a master calligrapher of the chancery taʿlīq style from Herat.

• EḴTĪĀR-AL-DĪN

  Maria Eva Subtelny

  the citadel of Herat located on an elevation adjacent to the north wall of the old city and actually consisting of two parts, the stronghold proper—a rectangle of fired brick and a larger area to the west of unfired brick—that were originally buttressed by 25 towers which reflect various periods of construction.

• EḴTĪĀRĀT

  David Pingree

  lit. "choices, elections"; a term used in Islamic divination and astrology in at least four principle meanings.

• EḴWĀN AL-MOSLEMĪN, JAMʿĪYAT AL-

  Rudi Matthee

  lit. "Society of Muslim brethren"; the first modern religio-political movement in the Islamic world, founded in 1928 by Ḥasan Bannāʾ in Esmāʿīlīya Egypt.