Table of Contents

  • ENGLISH iv. Translations Of Modern Persian Literature

    Michael Beard

    Modernist literature in Persia can be said to develop gradually throughout the 19th century, but for English readers it begins abruptly, shortly after the Constitutional revolution, with the translations of Edward Browne.

  • ENGLISH v. Translation Of English Literature into Persian

    Karīm Emāmi

    The first texts translated from English into Persian were diplomatic exchanges and bilateral treaties.

  • ENJAVĪ ŠĪRĀZĪ, SAYYED ABU’L-QĀSEM

    Ulrich Marzolph

    (b. Shiraz, 1921; d. Tehran, 16 September 1993), eminent Persian folklorist.

  • ENJĪL

    Cross-Reference

    See BIBLE.

  • ENJŪ

    Cross-Reference

    See INJU DYNASTY.

  • ENOCH

    Cross-Reference

    See AḴNŪḴ.

  • ENOCH, BOOKS OF

    J. C. Reeves

    attributed to the seventh antediluvian biblical patriarch Enoch (Genesis 5.21-24), which show Iranian influence.

  • ENQELĀB-E ESLĀMĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See REVOLUTION OF 1978-79.

  • ENQELĀB-E ESLĀMĪ NEWSPAPER

    Nassereddin Parvin

    a newspaper published by Abu’l-Ḥasan Banī-Ṣadr and supporting his political views. 

  • ENQELĀB-E MAŠṞUṬĪYĀ

    Cross-Reference

    See CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION.

  • ENQELĀB-E SAFĪD

    Cross-Reference

    See WHITE REVOLUTION.

  • ENŠĀʾ

    Jürgen Paul

    lit. "composition"; the process of creating or composing something as well as the result of this process and the rules of the art; it denotes a genre of prose literature, copies, drafts, or specimens of official and private correspondence.

  • ENŠĀʾ-ALLĀH KHĀN, SAYYED

    M. Asif Naim Siddiqui

    (b. Moršedābād, 1756; d. Lucknow, 1818), Urdu-Persian poet and writer.

  • ENSĀN-E KĀMEL

    Gerhard Böwering

    lit. "the Perfect Human Being"; a key idea in the philosophy and ethics of Islamic mysticism.

  • ENTEBĀH

    L. P. ELWELL-SUTTON

    lit. “Awakening”; a Persian newspaper published in Karbalā, Iraq, in 1914 by Mīrzā ʿAlī Āqā Šīrāzī Labīb-al-Molk, editor of Moẓaffarī published in Būšehr and Mecca.

  • ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH

    Fakhreddin Azimi

    two brothers active in 20th-century Persian politics. ʿAbd-Allāh (1895-1983), as a career diplomat, served in various posts, including minister of foreign affairs. Naṣr-Allāh (1899-1980) held a series of ministerial posts under Moḥammad Reżā Shah, including the ambassadorship to the United States.

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  • ĖNTSIKLOPEDIYAI SOVETII TOJIK

    H. Borjian

    (Tajik Soviet Encyclopedia), the first general encyclopedia of Tajikistan, published in the Tajik Persian language and Cyrillic alphabet (8 vols., Dushanbe, 1978-88).

  • ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

    Eskandar Firouz, Daniel Balland

    efforts to protect natural resources, wildlife, and ecosystems and to control pollution. In Persia conservation consciousness began, as it so often does, with concern for wildlife.

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  • ENZELI

    Cross-Reference

    See ANZALĪ.

  • EPHESUS, SEVEN SLEEPERS OF

    Nicholas Sims-Williams

    Christian legend attested by texts in many languages.