Table of Contents

  • EMIRATES OF THE PERSIAN GULF

    Cross-Reference

    See UNITED ARAB EMIRATES.

  • EMLĀ BOḴĀRĀʾĪ, MOḤAMMAD

    Jirí Bečka

    b. ʿAlāʾ-al-Dīn (b. 1688, Sangārak, Afghanistan; d. 1749, Bukhara), Sufi poet of Arab descent.

  • EMMERICK, RONALD ERIC

    Mauro Maggi

    (1937-2001), distinguished Australian scholar of the ancient civilizations and languages of Iran, India, and Tibet.

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  • EMPLOYMENT

    M. Amani

    economic activity in which one engages and employs his or her time and energy. One of the major factors contributing to the growth of services is the considerable number of people working for the government.

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  • EMRĀNĪ

    David Yeroushalmi

    the name or most likely the penname (taḵalloṣ) of the fifteenth century Jewish-Persian poet of Isfahan and Kāšān.

  • EMTĪĀZĀT

    Cross-Reference

    See CONCESSIONS.

  • EN ISLAM IRANIEN, ASPECTS SPIRITUELS ET PHILOSOPHIQUES

    Daryush Shayegan

    (4 vols., Paris, 1971-73), the magnum opus of Henry Corbin, consisting of essays summarizing most of the major themes that defined his scholarly career and revealing his intellectual grasp of Persian philosophical thought.

  • ENAMEL

    EIr, Layla S. Diba

    a heat-fused glass paste colored by metal oxides and used to decorate metal surfaces. Enamel was associated with lapidary, glassworking, and goldmithing crafts and was probably used primarily in place of precious stones before the 17th century.

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  • ʿENĀYAT, ḤAMĪD

    Ahmad Ashraf

    (1932-82), political scientist and translator.

  • ʿENĀYAT-ALLĀH

    Sheila S. Blair

    Timurid builder or tile maker of the 15th century.

  • ʿENĀYAT-ALLĀH KANBO

    Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi

    (b. Burhanpur, 31 August 1608; d. Delhi, 23 September 1671), Sufi and scholar, descendant of an old respected Lahore family that had converted to Islam in Punjab.

  • ENCYCLOPAEDIA IRANICA

  • ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF ISLAM

    Elton L. Daniel

    a reference work of fundamental importance on topics dealing, according to its self-description, with “the geography, ethnography and biography of the Muhammadan peoples.”

  • ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF TAJIKISTAN

    Cross-Reference

    See ĖNTSIKLOPEDIYAI SOVETII TOJIK.

  • ENCYCLOPAEDIAS, PERSIAN

    Živa Vesel and Hūšang Aʿlam

    OVERVIEW of the entry: i. Premodern, ii. Modern.

  • ENDOWMENT

    Cross-Reference

    On charitable endowments (waqf), at present see  AMLĀK, ḴĀṢṢA.

    Regarding institutions, see CHARITABLE FOUNDATIONS. See under individual entries, such as BONYĀD-E FARHANG-E ĪRĀNBONYĀD-E ŠAHĪDBONYĀD-E ŠĀH-NĀMA-YE FERDOWSĪ.

  • ENGLAND

    Cross-Reference

    See GREAT BRITAIN.

  • ENGLISH i. Persian Elements in English

    D. N. Mackenzie

    OVERVIEW of the entry: i. Persian elements in English. ii. Persian influences in English and American literature. iii. Translations of classical Persian literature. iv. Translations of modern Persian literature. v. i. Translations of English literature into Persian.

  • ENGLISH ii. Persian Influences in English and American Literature

    John D. Yohannan

    Although academic Persian studies may be said to have begun in England in the early 17th century, it was not until the late 18th century that the Persian poets began to be read in English translations. 

  • ENGLISH iii. Translations Of Classical Persian Literature

    Michael Beard

    fall initially into two categories. There is a group of texts whose purpose is to convey the information of the original in discrete units, most useful with prose or narrative poetry and not necessarily “literary.” There are other translations designed to carry over the formal elements of a literary text.