Table of Contents
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ʿEMĀMA
Cross-Reference
the turban. See ʿAMĀMA.
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EMĀMA
Cross-Reference
(Imamate), see SHIʿITE DOCTRINE.
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EMĀMĪ HERĀVĪ, RAŻĪ-AL-DĪN ABŪ ʿABD-ALLĀH MOḤAMMAD
J. T. P. de Bruijn
b. Abī Bakr b. ʿOṯmān (b. in Herat; d. in Isfahan, 1287), Persian poet of the Mongol period also noted for his learning.
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EMĀMĪ, JAMĀL
Fakhreddin Azimi
(b. 1901, Koy; d. 1966, Paris), politician.
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EMAMI, KARIM
ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Āzarang and EIr
Emami took an early interest in contemporary Persian art and literature. In 1959, before starting his career as a journalist and translator, he worked as a photographer and filmmaker at the film studio of Ebrāhim Golestān (b. 1922), modernist writer and director.
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EMĀMĪ, Sayyed ḤASAN
Cyrus Mir
(1903-1981), Friday prayer leader of Tehran from 1947 to 1978. He studied traditional Islamic sciences in Tehran and continental law in Lausanne, Switzerland. Upon completing his doctorate, he returned to Iran and worked as a judge in the Ministry of Justice. He was regarded as a member of the shah’s inner circle.
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EMĀMĪYA
Cross-Reference
See SHIʿITE DOCTRINE; SHIʿITE DOCTRINE ii. Hierarchy in the Imamiyya.
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EMĀMQOLĪ KHAN
Roger M. Savory
son of the celebrated Georgian ḡolām Allāhverdī Khan; governor-general (beglarbeg) of Fārs in the early 17th century.
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EMĀMVERDĪ MĪRZĀ ĪL-ḴĀNĪ
Ḥosayn Maḥbūbī Ardakānī
(b. 9 March 1796), the twelfth son of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah Qajar; his mother was Begom Jān Qazvīnī.
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EMĀMZĀDA
Multiple Authors
a shrine believed to be the tomb of a descendent of a Shiʿite Imam. such structures are also known as āstāna (lit., threshold), marqad (resting place, mausoleum), boqʿa (revered site), rawża (garden/tomb), gonbad (dome), mašhad (place of martyrdom), maqām (site/abode), qadamgāh (stepping place), and torbat (dust, grave).
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EMĀMZĀDA i. Function and devotional practice
Hamid Algar
"Sites where divine favor and blessing occur, where mercy and grace descend; they are a refuge for the distressed, a shelter for the despondent, a haven for the oppressed, and a place of consolation for weary hearts, and will ever remain so until resurrection.”
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EMĀMZĀDA ii. Forms, decorations, and other characteristics
PARVĪZ VARJĀVAND
The identity of the people interred in emāmzādas and the exact location where they are entombed are often moot questions, as in most cases there are no historical documents authenticating the claims for these shrines.
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EMĀMZĀDA iii. Number, distribution, and important examples
PARVĪZ VARJĀVAND
Information and statistics regarding the number and distribution of emāmzādas in Persia vary from one source to another.
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EMBROIDERY
Cross-Reference
See CLOTHING.
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EMDĀD-ALLĀH ḤĀJĪ
Barbara D. Metcalf
(b. Thana Bhawan, India, 1817, d. Mecca, 1899), spiritual guide and scholar.
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ĒMĒD Ī AŠAWAHIŠTĀN
Mansour Shaki
(Exposition [of Zoroastrian doctrines] by Ēmēd, son of Ašawahišt), a major 10th-century Pahlavi work comprising forty-four questions (pursišn).
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EMERSON, RALPH WALDO
John D. Yohannan
(b. 25 May 1803, Boston; d. 27 April 1882, Concord), distinguished American transcendentalist, philosopher, and poet.
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EMIGRATION
Cross-Reference
See HUMAN MIGRATION.
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EMĪN YOMNĪ, MEḤMED
Tahsın Yazici
Moḥammad Amīn (b. Solaymānīya in Persia, 1845, d. Istanbul, 5 April 1924), Turkish poet and man of letters who also wrote in Persian.
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EMIR
Cross-Reference
See AMIR.