Table of Contents

  • EḤTEŠĀM-AL-SALṬANA

    Mehrdad Amanat

    (1863-1936), Mīrzā Maḥmūd Khan ʿAlāmīr Qajar, governor, diplomat, and speaker of the Persian Parliament.

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  • EḤTĪĀJ

    Nassereddin Parvin

    weekly newspaper published in Tabrīz by ʿAlīqolī Khan Tabrīzī, known as Ṣafarov, who had distributed political šab-nāmas (lit. "night letters") in 1892.

  • EḤYĀ-YEʿOLŪM-AL-DĪN

    Cross-Reference

    See ḠAZĀLĪ ii.

  • EILERS, WILHELM

    Rüdiger Schmitt

    In 1958 Eilers was appointed to the professorship in Oriental philology at the University of Würzburg. Although he was offered in 1962 the professorship in ancient Near Eastern studies at the University of Vienna, he stayed in Würzburg and taught there until his retirement in 1974.

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  • EJĀZA

    Devin J. Stewart

    "lit. permission, license, authorization"; a term describing a variety of academic certificates ranging in length from a few lines to many fascicles.

  • EJMĀʿ

    Devin J. Stewart

    lit. "consensus"; a technical term in Islamic jurisprudence (oṣūl al-feqh).

  • EJMIATSIN

    S. Peter Cowe

    currently designation of three separate but interrelated entities: the cathedral and monastic complex which forms the residence of the supreme patriarch and catholicos of all the Armenians, the city in which this complex is located, and the district of which the latter is the administrative center.

  • EJTEHĀD

    Aron Zysow

    in Shiʿism, an Arabic verbal noun having the literal sense of "exerting effort."

  • EJTEMĀʿĪŪN, FERQA-YE

    Janet Afary

    (FEAM; lit., "Social-Democratic party"), an organization founded in 1905 by Persian emigrants in Transcaucasia with the help of local revolutionaries.

  • EKBĀTĀN

    Cross-Reference

    See ECBATANA.

  • EKEŁEACʿ

    James Russell

    Gk. Akilisēnē, region along the Euphrates in northwest Armenia.

  • EKRĀM, MOḤAMMAD

    J. Bečka

    or Ekrom, b. ʿAbd-al-Salām (1847-1925), known as Dāmollā Ekrāmče, a Bukharan scholar and madrasa teacher.

  • EKRĀMĪ, JALĀL

    J. Bečka

    or Jalol Ikromī (1909-93), considered to be Tajikistan’s most important fiction writer and playwright of the Soviet period.

  • EḴŠĪD

    F. Grenet and N. Sims-Williams

    Arabo-Persian form of a Sogdian royal title attested in Sogdian script as (ʾ)xšyδ and in Manichean script as (ʾ)xšy(y)δ.

  • EKSĪR

    Cross-Reference

    See KĪMĪĀ.

  • EḴTESĀN, TĀJ-AL-MOLK MOḤAMMAD

    Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi

    b. Aḥmad b. Ḥasan ʿAbdūsī Dehlavī (1300-51), author in Persian and secretary (dabīr) at the courts of the Tughluqid sultans Ḡīāṯ-al-Dīn Tōḡloq and his son Ḡīāṯ-al-Dīn Mo-ḥammad.

  • EḴTĪĀR MONŠĪ, ḴᵛĀJA

    W. Thackston

    (fl. mid 10th/16th cent.), a master calligrapher of the chancery taʿlīq style from Herat.

  • EḴTĪĀR-AL-DĪN

    Maria Eva Subtelny

    the citadel of Herat located on an elevation adjacent to the north wall of the old city and actually consisting of two parts, the stronghold proper—a rectangle of fired brick and a larger area to the west of unfired brick—that were originally buttressed by 25 towers which reflect various periods of construction.

  • EḴTĪĀRĀT

    David Pingree

    lit. "choices, elections"; a term used in Islamic divination and astrology in at least four principle meanings.

  • EḴWĀN AL-MOSLEMĪN, JAMʿĪYAT AL-

    Rudi Matthee

    lit. "Society of Muslim brethren"; the first modern religio-political movement in the Islamic world, founded in 1928 by Ḥasan Bannāʾ in Esmāʿīlīya Egypt.