Table of Contents

• EḠLAMEŠ

  Cross-Reference

  See SAYF-AL-DĪN ʿEMĀD-AL-DĪN EḠLAMEŠ.

• EGLANTINE

  Cross-Reference

  See NASTARAN.

• EGYPT

  Multiple Authors

  : relations with Persia and Afghanistan.

• EGYPT i. Persians in Egypt in the Achaemenid period

  Edda Bresciani

  The last pharaoh of the Twenty-Sixth dynasty, Psamtik (Psammetichus) III, was defeated by Cambyses II in the battle of Pelusium in the eastern Nile delta in 525 B.C.E.; Egypt was then joined with Cyprus and Phoenicia in the sixth satrapy of the Achaemenid empire.

• EGYPT ii. Egyptian influence on Persia in the Pre-Islamic period

  Philip Huyse

  In the fields of artistic work, architecture and sculpture, the Persians do not seem to have had any lasting impact on Egyptian tradition, during either both Achaemenid occupations of Egypt, or the short-lived presence of the later Sasanians.

• EGYPT iii. Relations in the Seleucid and Parthian periods

  Heinz Heinen

  This period began with the advent of the Seleucid dynasty in Syria (312 B.C.E.) and ended with the Sasanian occupation of Egypt (618/19-28 C.E.).

• EGYPT iv. Relations in the Sasanian period

  Ruth Altheim-Stiehl

  Sasanian occupation of Egypt. The occupation of Egypt, beginning in 619 or 618 (Altheim-Stiehl, 1991), was one of the triumphs in the last Sasanian war against Byzantium.

• EGYPT v. Political And Commercial Relations In The Islamic Period

  Cross-reference

  See under FATIMIDS,; AYYUBIDS; IL-KHANIDS DYNASTY.

• EGYPT vi. Artistic relations with Persia in the Islamic period

  Jonathan M. Bloom

  Although direct evidence of artistic links between Persia and Egypt before the Mongol invasion of the Near East in the 13th century is limited, surviving works of art suggest that transfer of artistic ideas resulted from the movement of artisans and their works, rather than from the specific demand of patrons.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• EGYPT vii. Political and religious relations with Persia in the modern period

  Shahrough Akhavi

  The beginnings of modern diplomatic relations between Egypt and Persia may be dated from 1263/1847, when, on behalf of the Persian government, Mīrzā Taqī Khan Amīr(-e) Kabīr signed the second treaty of Erzurum with the Ottomans.

• EGYPT viii. Egyptian cultural influence in Persia, modern times

  EIr

  Egypt, together with Turkey and the Caucasus, was one of the major sources of cultural and political influences in Persia during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

• EGYPT ix. Iran’s cultural influence in the Islamic period

  Moḥammad el Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Moʾmen

  The more noticeable cultural influence of Perisa on Egypt occurred during the 16th-18th centuries, when Egypt became a province of the Ottoman empire. Persian literature was widely studied and avidly followed in the Ottoman empire, and the Persian language was used as one of the administrative languages of the empire.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• EGYPT x. Relations with Afghanistan

  Ludwig W. Adamec

  Both Egypt and Afghanistan came under British hegemony in the latter part of the 19th century; therefore no official relations existed between them.

• EGYPT xi. Persian Journalism in Egypt

  Nassereddin Parvin

  A number of Persian journals were published in Egypt. After the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, the economic and commercial importance of Egypt increased and the country attracted a number of Iranian merchants and craftsmen who settled with their families in Cairo or Alexandria.

• EHRBEDESTĀN

  Cross-Reference

  See HERBEDESTĀN.

• ĒHRPAT

  Cross-Reference

  See HERBED.

• EḤSĀN-AL-ʿOLŪM

  Cross-Reference

  See FARĀBĪ.

• EḤSĀN-ALLĀH KHAN DŪSTDĀR

  Cosroe Chaqueri

  (ʿAlī-ābādī; b. Sārī, Māzandarān, 1883, d. Baku, ca. 1938), second most prominent figure in the the Soviet Socialist Republic of Iran (Ḥokūmat-e jomhūrī-e šūrawī-e Īrān), the radicalized second phase of the Jangalī movement in the years 1920-21.

• EḤTEŠĀM-AL-DAWLA

  Īraj Afšār

  (1839-92), first son of Farhād Mīrzā Moʿtamed-al-Dawla Qājār and maternal grandson of Moḥammad-ʿAlī Mīrzā Dawlatšāh.

• EḤTEŠĀM-AL-DAWLA, ḴĀNLAR KHAN

  Kambiz Eslami

  (d. Tehran, April 1862), seventeenth son of ʿAbbās Mīrzā and governor of several regions in Persia during the reigns of Moḥammad Shah and Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah Qajar.