Table of Contents
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ESMĀʿĪL
Cross-Reference
(ISHMAEL). See EBRĀHĪM.
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ESMĀʿĪL b. JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ
Farhad Daftary
the sixth Imam and the eponym of the Ismaʿilis.
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ESMĀʿĪL ḤAQQĪ BORSAVĪ
Tahsin Yazıcı
or Oskodārī, b. MOṢṬAFĀ, Shaikh Abu’l-Fedāʾ (b. Aydos 1652; d. Bursa, 1725), Turkish scholar, theologian, and mystic.
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ESMĀʿĪL I ṢAFAWĪ
Roger M. Savory, Ahmet T. Karamustafa
(1487-1524), SHAH ABU’L-MOẒAFFAR, founder of the Safavid dynasty whose decision, the promulgation of the Eṯnā-ʿašarī rite of Shiʿism to be the official religion of the state, had profound consequences for the subsequent history of Persia.
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ESMĀʿIL II
Kioumars Ghereghlou
(1537-1577), the third Safavid monarch, fought the Ottomans as the governor of Šervan and later was made the crown prince by Ṭahmāsp I and sent to Qazvin. His liaisons with male companions led to his demotion and imprisonment, until he took the throne with the backing of his supporters.
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ESMĀʿĪL III ṢAFAWĪ
John R. Perry
(r. 1750-73), ABŪ TORĀB, Safavid shadow-king, the third Safavid dynast of that name.
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ESMĀʿĪL ḴANDĀN
Cross-Reference
See ALTUNTĀŠ.
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ESMĀʿIL KHAN BURBUR
Dariush Borbor
(1800-1888), high ranking military official under the Qajars.
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ESMĀʿĪL KHAN QAŠQĀʾĪ
Cross-Reference
ṢAWLAT-AL-DAWLA, SARDĀR-E ʿAŠĀYER. See ṢAWLAT-AL-DAWLA.
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ESMĀʿĪL KHAN ṢĪMQO
Cross-Reference
or SEMĪTQŪ. See ṢĪMQO.
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ESMĀʿĪL ZĀDA, ḤOSAYN KHAN
Moḥammad-Taqī Masʿūdīya
(d. 1941), teacher and master player of the kamānča.
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ESMĀʿĪL, b. ʿABBĀD, ṢĀḤEB
Cross-Reference
See ṢĀḤEB b. ʿABBĀD.
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ESMĀʿĪL, b. Aḥmad b. Asad SĀMĀNĪ, ABŪ EBRĀHĪM
C. Edmund Bosworth
(849-907), the first member of the Samanid dynasty to rule over all Transoxania and Farḡāna.
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ESMĀʿĪL, b. Nūḥ, ABŪ EBRĀHĪM MONTAṢER
Cross-Reference
(d. 1004), last Samanid amir.
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ESMĀʿĪL, b. Rokn-al-Dīn Yaḥyā
Cross-Reference
See MAJD-AL-DĪN ESMĀʿĪL.
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ESMĀʿĪL, b. Seboktegīn
C. Edmund Bosworth
Ghaznavid prince and briefly amir in Ḡazna in 997-98.
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ESMĀʿĪL, b. Yasār NESĀʾĪ
Kevin Lacey
an eighth century poet of Persian origin from Medina.
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ʿEṢMAT
Cross-Reference
See ČAHĀRDAH MAʿṢŪM.
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ʿEṢMAT BOḴĀRĪ, Ḵᵛāja ʿEṢMAT-ALLĀH
Ḏabīḥ-Allāh Ṣafā
b. Masʿūd Boḵārī (d. 1436), poet and scholar of the early Timurid period, known also for his expertise in mathematics, history, prosody, riddles, and mastery of enšāʾ.
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ESOTERIC SECTS
Cross-Reference
See BĀṬENĪYA; ḠOLĀT; ISMAʿILISM.
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ESPAHBOD, ALI-REZA
Hengameh Fouladvand
(1951-2007), painter and graphic designer who aimed to represent ideals of equality and justice; he was banned from exhibiting his paintings from 1991 to 2001.
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EŠPOḴTOR
Cross-Reference
See TSITSIANOV.
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ʿEŠQ
Cross-Reference
See LOVE.
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EŠQ O RŪḤ
Cross-Reference
See ḤOSN O RŪḤ.
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ʿEŠQ, shaikh ḡolām moḥyĪ-al-dĪn MOBTALĀ
Munibur Rahman
8th-19th century author writing in Persian and Urdu.
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EŠQĀBĀD
Cross-Reference
See ASHKABAD.
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ʿEŠQĪ BELGRĀMĪ, SHAH BARKAT-ALLĀH
Asifa Zamani
(1659?-1729), Indo-Persian poet and author.
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ʿEŠQĪ, MOḤAMMAD-REŻĀ MĪRZĀDA
Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak
(1894-1923), poet and journalist of the post-constitution era and an important contributor to the modernization of poetry in Persia. After he was assassinated by two gunmen, the Majles members of the minority party and other opponents of Prime Minister Reżā Khan quickly turned his funeral into an occasion for public protest against the rising tide of Reżā Khan's power.
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EŠQĪ, MOLLĀ BĀBOR
Jirí Bečka
b. Hedāyat-Allāh (1792-1863), Central Asian poet writing in Persian.
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ʿEŠQĪʿAẒĪMĀBĀDĪ, SHAIKH MOḤAMMAD WAJĪH-AL-DĪN
Munibur Rahman
18th-19th century poet and writer in Persian and Urdu.
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EŠRĀQ ḴĀVARĪ, ʿABD-AL-ḤAMĪD
Vahid Rafati
(b. Mašhad, 1902; d. Tehran, 1972), Bahai scholar, teacher, and author.
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EŠRĀQĪ SCHOOL
Cross-Reference
See ILLUMINATIONISM.
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ʿEŠRĪNĪYA
Cross-Reference
See BĪSTGĀNĪ.
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ESTAHBĀN
Mīnū Yūsof-nežād
town and district in Fārs, bordered in the north by the Baḵtagān lake, in the northeast and the east by Neyrīz/Nīrīz, in the south by Dārāb, in the southwest by Fasā, and in the west by Shiraz.
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EṢṬAḴR
A. D. H. Bivar, Mary Boyce
(ESTAḴR, STAḴR), city and district in ancient Persia (Fārs). It was presumably a suburb of the urban settlement once surrounding the Achaemenid royal residences, of which few traces survive. After the death of Seleucus I (280 B.C.), when the province began to re-assert its independence, its center seems to have developed at Eṣṭaḵr.
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ESTAḴR NEWSPAPER
Nassereddin Parvin
a newspaper published in Shiraz from 1918-1932 and 1942-1962.
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EṢṬAḴRĪ, ABŪ ESḤĀQ EBRĀHĪM
O. G. Bolshakov
b. Moḥammad Fāresī Karḵī, 10th-century Muslim traveler and geographer and founder of the genre of masālek (lit. “itineraries”) literature.
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EṢṬAḴRĪ, ABŪ SAʿĪD ḤASAN
Jeanette Wakin
b. Aḥmad b. Yazīd (858-939), Shafiʿite jurisconsult and author.
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ESTĀLEF
Daniel Balland
large Persian-speaking village of the Kōhdāman, 55 km north of Kabul, built on a foothill of the Paḡmān range of the Hindu Kush between 1,875 and 1,950 m above sea-level.
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ESTEʿĀRA
Julie S. Meisami
lit. "to borrow"; the general term for metaphor.
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ESTEBDĀD-E ṢAGĪR
Cross-Reference
"the lesser tyranny." See CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION.
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ESTEBṢĀR
Cross-Reference
See ṬŪSĪ, ABŪ JAʿFAR.
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EŠTEHĀRD
Mīnū Yūsof-nežād
a town and district (baḵš) in the province of Tehran.
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EŠTEHĀRDĪ
Gernot L. Windfuhr
the easternmost of the nine Southern Tati (Tātī) dialects and sharing with the others most phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexical features. These are part of a band of dialects extending from the Aras River to central Persia and farther east.
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ESTEḴĀRA
Cross-Reference
See DIVINATION.
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ESTEQLĀL
Nassereddin Parvin
newspaper published by the constitutionalists who had taken refuge in the Ottoman consulate in Tabrīz during the Russian occupation of the city in 1909.
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ESTEQLĀL-e ĪRĀN
Nassereddin Parvin
an evening daily published in Tehran from 31 May 1910-17 August 1911; it was the organ of the small Unity and Progress party (Ḥezb-e ettefāq o taraqqī) and was published by the party’s leader, the well-known constitutionalist Zayn-al-ʿĀbedīn Mostaʿān-al-Molk
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ESTHER AND MORDECHAI
Amnon Netzer
a Jewish shrine in the city of Hamadān, where, according to Judeo-Persian tradition, Esther and Mordechai are buried.
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ESTHER, BOOK OF
Shaul Shaked
a short book of the Old Testament, written in Hebrew.
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ESTRĀBĀD
Cross-Reference
See ASTARĀBĀD.