Table of Contents

  • ESMĀʿĪL

    Cross-Reference

    (ISHMAEL). See EBRĀHĪM.

  • ESMĀʿĪL b. JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ

    Farhad Daftary

    the sixth Imam and the eponym of the Ismaʿilis.

  • ESMĀʿĪL ḤAQQĪ BORSAVĪ

    Tahsin Yazıcı

    or Oskodārī, b. MOṢṬAFĀ, Shaikh Abu’l-Fedāʾ (b. Aydos 1652; d. Bursa, 1725), Turkish scholar, theologian, and mystic.

  • ESMĀʿĪL I ṢAFAWĪ

    Roger M. Savory, Ahmet T. Karamustafa

    (1487-1524), SHAH ABU’L-MOẒAFFAR, founder of the Safavid dynasty whose decision, the promulgation of the Eṯnā-ʿašarī rite of Shiʿism to be the official religion of the state, had profound consequences for the subsequent history of Persia.

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  • ESMĀʿIL II

    Kioumars Ghereghlou

    (1537-1577), the third Safavid monarch, fought the Ottomans as the governor of Šervan and later was made the crown prince by Ṭahmāsp I and sent to Qazvin. His liaisons with male companions led to his demotion and imprisonment, until he took the throne with the backing of his supporters.

  • ESMĀʿĪL III ṢAFAWĪ

    John R. Perry

    (r. 1750-73), ABŪ TORĀB, Safavid shadow-king, the third Safavid dynast of that name.

  • ESMĀʿĪL ḴANDĀN

    Cross-Reference

    See ALTUNTĀŠ.

  • ESMĀʿIL KHAN BURBUR

    Dariush Borbor

    (1800-1888), high ranking military official under the Qajars.

  • ESMĀʿĪL KHAN QAŠQĀʾĪ

    Cross-Reference

    ṢAWLAT-AL-DAWLA, SARDĀR-E ʿAŠĀYER. See ṢAWLAT-AL-DAWLA.

  • ESMĀʿĪL KHAN ṢĪMQO

    Cross-Reference

    or SEMĪTQŪ. See ṢĪMQO.

  • ESMĀʿĪL ZĀDA, ḤOSAYN KHAN

    Moḥammad-Taqī Masʿūdīya

    (d. 1941), teacher and master player of the kamānča.

  • ESMĀʿĪL, b. ʿABBĀD, ṢĀḤEB

    Cross-Reference

    See ṢĀḤEB b. ʿABBĀD.

  • ESMĀʿĪL, b. Aḥmad b. Asad SĀMĀNĪ, ABŪ EBRĀHĪM

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    (849-907), the first member of the Samanid dynasty to rule over all Transoxania and Farḡāna.

  • ESMĀʿĪL, b. Nūḥ, ABŪ EBRĀHĪM MONTAṢER

    Cross-Reference

    (d. 1004), last Samanid amir.

  • ESMĀʿĪL, b. Rokn-al-Dīn Yaḥyā

    Cross-Reference

    See MAJD-AL-DĪN ESMĀʿĪL.

  • ESMĀʿĪL, b. Seboktegīn

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    Ghaznavid prince and briefly amir in Ḡazna in 997-98.

  • ESMĀʿĪL, b. Yasār NESĀʾĪ

    Kevin Lacey

    an eighth century poet of Persian origin from Medina.

  • ʿEṢMAT

    Cross-Reference

    See ČAHĀRDAH MAʿṢŪM.

  • ʿEṢMAT BOḴĀRĪ, Ḵᵛāja ʿEṢMAT-ALLĀH

    Ḏabīḥ-Allāh Ṣafā

    b. Masʿūd Boḵārī (d. 1436), poet and scholar of the early Timurid period, known also for his expertise in mathematics, history, prosody, riddles, and mastery of enšāʾ.

  • ESOTERIC SECTS

    Cross-Reference

    See BĀṬENĪYAḠOLĀTISMAʿILISM.

  • ESPAHBOD, ALI-REZA

    Hengameh Fouladvand

    (1951-2007), painter and graphic designer who aimed to represent ideals of equality and justice; he was banned from exhibiting his paintings from 1991 to 2001.

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  • EŠPOḴTOR

    Cross-Reference

    See TSITSIANOV.

  • ʿEŠQ

    Cross-Reference

    See LOVE.

  • EŠQ O RŪḤ

    Cross-Reference

    See ḤOSN O RŪḤ.

  • ʿEŠQ, shaikh ḡolām moḥyĪ-al-dĪn MOBTALĀ

    Munibur Rahman

    8th-19th century author writing in Persian and Urdu.

  • EŠQĀBĀD

    Cross-Reference

    See ASHKABAD.

  • ʿEŠQĪ BELGRĀMĪ, SHAH BARKAT-ALLĀH

    Asifa Zamani

    (1659?-1729), Indo-Persian poet and author.

  • ʿEŠQĪ, MOḤAMMAD-REŻĀ MĪRZĀDA

    Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak

    (1894-1923), poet and journalist of the post-constitution era and an important contributor to the modernization of poetry in Persia. After he was assassinated by two gunmen, the Majles members of the minority party and other opponents of Prime Minister Reżā Khan quickly turned his funeral into an occasion for public protest against the rising tide of Reżā Khan's power.

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  • EŠQĪ, MOLLĀ BĀBOR

    Jirí Bečka

    b. Hedāyat-Allāh (1792-1863), Central Asian poet writing in Persian.

  • ʿEŠQĪʿAẒĪMĀBĀDĪ, SHAIKH MOḤAMMAD WAJĪH-AL-DĪN

    Munibur Rahman

    18th-19th century poet and writer in Persian and Urdu.

  • EŠRĀQ ḴĀVARĪ, ʿABD-AL-ḤAMĪD

    Vahid Rafati

    (b. Mašhad, 1902; d. Tehran, 1972), Bahai scholar, teacher, and author.

  • EŠRĀQĪ SCHOOL

    Cross-Reference

    See ILLUMINATIONISM.

  • ʿEŠRĪNĪYA

    Cross-Reference

    See BĪSTGĀNĪ.

  • ESTAHBĀN

    Mīnū Yūsof-nežād

    town and district in Fārs, bordered in the north by the Baḵtagān lake, in the northeast and the east by Neyrīz/Nīrīz, in the south by Dārāb, in the southwest by Fasā, and in the west by Shiraz.

  • EṢṬAḴR

    A. D. H. Bivar, Mary Boyce

    (ESTAḴR, STAḴR), city and district in ancient Persia (Fārs). It was presumably a suburb of the urban settlement once surrounding the Achaemenid royal residences, of which few traces survive. After the death of Seleucus I (280 B.C.), when the province began to re-assert its independence, its center seems to have developed at Eṣṭaḵr.

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  • ESTAḴR NEWSPAPER

    Nassereddin Parvin

    a newspaper published in Shiraz from 1918-1932 and 1942-1962.

  • EṢṬAḴRĪ, ABŪ ESḤĀQ EBRĀHĪM

    O. G. Bolshakov

    b. Moḥammad Fāresī Karḵī, 10th-century Muslim traveler and geographer and founder of the genre of masālek (lit. “itineraries”) literature.

  • EṢṬAḴRĪ, ABŪ SAʿĪD ḤASAN

    Jeanette Wakin

    b. Aḥmad b. Yazīd (858-939), Shafiʿite jurisconsult and author.

  • ESTĀLEF

    Daniel Balland

    large Persian-speaking village of the Kōhdāman, 55 km north of Kabul, built on a foothill of the Paḡmān range of the Hindu Kush between 1,875 and 1,950 m above sea-level.

  • ESTEʿĀRA

    Julie S. Meisami

    lit. "to borrow"; the general term for metaphor.

  • ESTEBDĀD-E ṢAGĪR

    Cross-Reference

    "the lesser tyranny." See CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION.

  • ESTEBṢĀR

    Cross-Reference

    See ṬŪSĪ, ABŪ JAʿFAR.

  • EŠTEHĀRD

    Mīnū Yūsof-nežād

    a town and district (baḵš) in the province of Tehran.

  • EŠTEHĀRDĪ

    Gernot L. Windfuhr

    the easternmost of the nine Southern Tati (Tātī) dialects and sharing with the others most phonological, morphological, syntactic, and lexical features. These are part of a band of dialects extending from the Aras River to central Persia and farther east.

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  • ESTEḴĀRA

    Cross-Reference

    See DIVINATION.

  • ESTEQLĀL

    Nassereddin Parvin

    newspaper published by the constitutionalists who had taken refuge in the Ottoman consulate in Tabrīz during the Russian occupation of the city in 1909.

  • ESTEQLĀL-e ĪRĀN

    Nassereddin Parvin

    an evening daily published in Tehran from 31 May 1910-17 August 1911; it was the organ of the small Unity and Progress party (Ḥezb-e ettefāq o taraqqī) and was published by the party’s leader, the well-known constitutionalist Zayn-al-ʿĀbedīn Mostaʿān-al-Molk

  • ESTHER AND MORDECHAI

    Amnon Netzer

    a Jewish shrine in the city of Hamadān, where, according to Judeo-Persian tradition, Esther and Mordechai are buried.

  • ESTHER, BOOK OF

    Shaul Shaked

    a short book of the Old Testament, written in Hebrew.

  • ESTRĀBĀD

    Cross-Reference

    See ASTARĀBĀD.