Table of Contents
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DĪA
Khalid Abu El Fadl
the prescribed blood money or wergild paid in compensation for a wrongful death or certain other physical injuries.
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DIAKONOFF, Igor’ Mikhaĭlovich
Muhammad Dandamayev
Diakonoff established international contacts and participated in organizing important scholarly projects. In particular, he took an active part in the organization of the 25th International Congress of Orientalists held in Moscow in 1960 (he was the Executive Secretary of the Organizing Committee).
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DĪĀLA
Cross-Reference
river. See ARVAND-RŪD.
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DIALECTOLOGY
GERNOT L. WINDFUHR
the terms dialect and language overlap; in general, language refers to the more or less unified system of the phonology, grammar, and lexicon that is shared by the speakers of a country, or geographic region, or a socially defined group, whereas dialect (Pers. lahja, gūyeš) focuses on varieties of a language.
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DĪĀRBAKR
Cross-Reference
See AMIDA.
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DIASPORA
Mary Boyce, Fariba Zarrinbaf-Shahr, H. Hakimian, Yitzhak Nakash, Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh, Mehdi Bozorgmehr, Grant Farr, Čangīz Pahlavān
Iranian. i. In Pre-Islamic times. ii. Persians in India. iii. Persians in Southeast Asia. iv. Persians in Ottoman Turkey. v. Persians in the Caucasus and Central Asia in the late 19th and early 20th century. vi. Persians in Iraq. vii. Persians in Southern ports of the Persian Gulf. viii. In the Post-revolutionary period. ix and x. Afghan refugees.
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DIATESSERON
Cross-reference
Persian translation of the four Gospels, based on a Syriac original. See BIBLE vii. Persian Translations.
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DĪBĀ
Cross-Reference
See ABRĪŠAM.
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DĪBĀ, MAḤMŪD KHAN
Cross-Reference
See ʿALĀʾ-al-MOLK.
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DIBĪR
Cross-Reference
See DABĪR.
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DICHŌR
Erich Kettenhofen
city conquered by Šāpūr I (240-70) during his second campaign against Rome in 253, as recorded in his inscription at Kaʿba-ye Zardošt.
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DICKSON, MARTIN BERNARD
Kathryn Babayan
(b. Brooklyn, 22 March 1924, d. Princeton, 14 May 1991), Iranist and Central Asianist who specialized in Safavid history.
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DICTIONARIES
ʿAlī Ašraf Ṣādeqī, John R. Perry, Ḥosayn Sāmeʿī
The first extant Persian dictionary is Lōḡat-e fors of the poet Asadī Ṭūsī (q.v.). Entries are arranged according to their final letters and illustrated by examples from poetry. Over ten manuscripts are known to have reached us, all of which differ in the number of entries and verses as well as the entry definitions.
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DIDYMA
Rüdiger Schmitt
(Gk. tà Dídyma, probably of Carian origin), district ca. 20 km south of the Ionian Miletus and site of a pre-Greek sanctuary of Apollo, to which a famous oracle was attached.
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DIEU, LOUIS (LUDOVICUS) DE
J.T.P. de Bruijn
(b. Vlissingen, Flushing, April 7, 1590; d. Leiden, Dec. 23, 1642), Dutch orientalist.
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DIEULAFOY, JANE HENRIETTE MAGRE
Jean Calmard
(b. Toulouse, 29 June 1851, d. Château de Langlade, Haute-Garonne, 25 May 1916), French archeologist, explorer, folklorist, novelist, playwright, and journalist.
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DIEULAFOY, MARCEL-AUGUSTE
Pierre Amiet
(b. Toulouse, 3 August 1844, d. Paris, 25 February 1920), French archeologist.
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DIEZ, ERNST
Jens Kröger
(b. 27 January 1878, d. 8 July 1961), Austrian historian of Iranian and Islamic art.
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DIGOR
F. Thordarson
Ossetic tribal name.
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DILL
Hūšang Aʿlam
Anethum graveolens L. (fam. Umbellifera), an herb widely cultivated in Persia.