Table of Contents

  • CRANE

    Hūšang Aʿlam

    (kolang), any of the large migratory wading birds of the family Gruidae. The kolang is mentioned in the Bundahišn as one of 110 species of birds. In classi­cal Persian poetry the crane’s ability to fly high and far; its order, discipline, and characteristic whooping sounds in flight are mentioned.

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  • CRASSUS

    Cross-Reference

    See CARRHAE.

  • CREATION

    Cross-Reference

    See COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY.

  • CREMATION

    Cross-Reference

    See BURIAL.

  • CRIMINAL LAW

    Cross-Reference

    See JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS v. Judicial System in the 20th Century.

  • CRIMINOLOGY

    Parviz Saney

    the study of the causation, prevention, and correction of crime.

  • CROCODILE

    S. C. Anderson

    (nahang, Baluchi gandū), Croco­dylus palustris, the marsh crocodile. It inhabits fresh-water marshes, pools, and rivers, and probably the only suitable croco­dile habitat in Persian Baluchistan is along the Sarbāz river. The present intermittent distribution of this species in Pakistan and Persian Baluchistan represents a fragmentation of a once more continuous range during moister climatic regimes in the recent past.

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  • CROCUS

    Hūšang Aʿlam

    generic name of a large number of hardy bulbous flowering plants of the family Iridaceae.

  • CROESUS

    A. Shapur Shahbazi

    last king of Lydia (r. ca. 560-46 B.C.E.) and brother-in-law of Astyages.

  • CROSBY, OSCAR TERRY

    Ronald E. Emmerick

    (born Ponchatoula, Loui­siana, 21 April 1861, d. Warrenton, Virginia, 2 Janu­ary 1947), collector of an important group of Khotanese texts.