Table of Contents

  • CALMEYER, Peter

    W. Kleiss and A. Shapur Shahbazi

    German archaeologist and Iranologist (b. 5 September 1930 in Halle, d. 22 November 1995 in Berlin).

  • ČĀLŪS

    Bernard Hourcade

    a small town in western Māzandarān (šahrestān of Nowšahr, baḵš of Čālūs) located about 8 km from the Caspian coast at an elevation of 7 m.

  • CAMA ORIENTAL INSTITUTE

    M. F. Kanga, Kaikhusroo M. JamaspAsa

    (K. R. Cama Oriental Institute), a research institute in Bombay established in memory of the Parsi orientalist, teacher, and social reformer Kharshedji Rustomji Cama, inaugurated 18 December 1916.

  • CAMA, KHARSHEDJI RUSTAMH

    James R. Russell

    (1831-1909), Parsi Zoroastrian scholar and community leader. Cama worked for the organization of Parsi madres­sas (madrasas), and his consultation was sought also in the establishment of Hindu and Muslim schools. He was associated with the University of Bombay and helped establish the courses in Avestan and Pahlavi. He wrote extensively in Gujarati on Zoroastrianism.

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  • CAMBADENE

    A. Shapur Shahbazi

    the name of a region (dahyāuš) in ancient Media and present Persian Kurdistan.

  • CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF IRAN

    Hubert S. G. Darke

    a survey of the history and historical geography of the land which is present-day Iran, as well as other territories inhabited by peoples of Iranian descent, from prehistoric times up to the present in seven volumes (vol. III being a double volume), of which the first volume was published in 1968 and the last in 1989.

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  • CAMBYSENE

    Marie Louise Chaumont

    name of a region mentioned for the first time in Strabo’s Geography as one of the northernmost provinces of Armenia, bordering on the Caucasus mountains, and also as a rugged and waterless region through which a road connecting Albania and Iberia passed.

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  • CAMBYSES

    Muhammad A. Dandamayev

    (OPers. Kambūǰiya-, Elamite Kanbuziya, Akkadian Kambuziya, Aram. Knbwzy), the name of two kings of the Achaemenid dynasty.

  • ČAMČAMĀL

    Abdollah Mardukh

    (Kurdish čam “river” and Čamāl/Jamāl, personal name; in the sources also writ­ten Jamjamāl), a fertile dehestān of Ṣaḥna baḵš in Kermānšāhān (Bāḵtarān) province located to the south and west of Ṣaḥna on the Kermānšāh-Hamadān road and watered by Gāmāsb and Dīnavar rivers.

  • CAMEL

    Richard W. Bulliet, Moḥammad-Nāṣer Ḡolāmreżaʾī, Eqbāl Yaḡmāʾī, Mahmoud Omidsalar

    (šotor). Artifacts from ancient Iran indicate that only the Bactrian camel was part of the native fauna of greater Iran, though it was probably not numerous. Possibly the earliest evidence is a painted image on a ceramic shard from Tepe Sialk, probably datable between 3000 and 2500 B.C.

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  • CAMEL THORN

    Hūšang Aʿlam

    (Alhagi Adans. spp.), common name for wild thorny suffrutescent plants of the Papilionaceae family, called šotor-ḵār and ḵār-e šotor (lit. “camel’s thorn”) in Persian.

  • CAMERON, GEORGE GLENN

    Gernot L. Windfuhr

    philologist and his­torian, b. 30 July 1905 in Washington, Pennsylvania, d. 14 September 1979 in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

  • CAMPBELL, JOHN

    Kamran Ekbal

    (1799-1870), British envoy to Persia, 1830-35.

  • CAMPHOR

    Hūšang Aʿlam

    a strong-smelling volatile white solid essential oil obtained from two genera of the camphor tree and used from ancient times in Persia as an aromatic with antiseptic and insect-repelling properties.

  • ČAMRŪŠ

    Alan V. Williams

    a mythical bird that in the Pahlavi books, of all birds of land and sky, is second only to the Sēn bird in worth.

  • CANADA i. Iranian Studies in

    Colin Paul Mitchell

    several factors in the last half-century have led to a rapid expansion of Iranian studies in Canada in the fields of history, literature, language, philosophy, religion, art history, and archaeology.

  • CANADA v. Iranian Community in Canada

    M. Mannani, N. Rahimieh, K. Sheibani

    Canada remains among the most popular destinations for Iranians seeking to emigrate, and Iranian immigrants to Canada are the fifth most numerous of any nationality.

  • ČANDARBHĀN BARAHMAN

    Cross-Reference

    See ČANDRA BHĀN BARAHMAN.

  • CANDLE

    Mahmoud Omidsalar, J. T. P. de Bruijn

    (Pers.-Ar. šamʿ); the Arabic word literally means “beeswax."

  • CANDLESTICKS

    Linda Komaroff

    from the late 6th/12th through the early 10th/16th century one of the most common types of implement produced as a luxury metalware in Iran. Their form, decoration, and epigraphic program reflect contemporary trends in Iranian metalwork.

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