Table of Contents
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CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN PERSIA
Cross-reference
IN PERSIA. See ENGLAND, CHURCH OF, IN PERSIA.
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CHURNS AND CHURNING
Marcel Bazin and Christian Bromberger
There are three distinct ways in which milk is normally processed. In the first it is heated, pressed, and squeezed dry to make cheese (panīr). Cheese making is uncommon in the Persian world. The other two methods begin with conversion of the milk into yogurt.
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CIA
Cross-Reference
See CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (CIA) IN PERSIA.
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ČIÇANTAXMA
Rüdiger Schmitt
an Iranian personal name signifying “brave in lineage.”
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CICAST
Cross-Reference
See ČĒČAST.
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CICERO
Michael Weiskopf
as a source for Parthian history; letters written by Roman statesman and political philosopher Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 b.c.e.) preserve a virtually unique contemporary extra-Iranian source on Parthian military and diplomatic activities and the Roman response to them, particularly during the military-campaign season of 51-50 b.c.e.
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ČĪDAG ANDARZ Ī PŌRYŌTKĒŠĀN
Mansour Shaki
(Selected precepts of the ancient sages), a post-Sasanian compendium of apothegms intended to instruct every Zoroastrian male, upon his attaining the age of fifteen years, in fundamental religious and ethical principles, as well as in the daily duties incumbent upon him.
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CIGARETTES
Cross-Reference
See DOḴĀNĪYĀT.
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ČIHRDĀD NASK
D. N. MacKenzie
one of the lost nasks of the Avesta.
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CILICIA
Michael Weiskopf
the southeastern portion of the present Turkish coast, a satrapy of the Achaemenid empire (6th-4th centuries BCE, subsequently incorporated into the Macedonian and Roman empires.