Table of Contents

  • ČĀY

    Daniel Balland and Marcel Bazin

    shrub of the genus Camellia and beverage made from its leaves, probably the most popular drink throughout the Iranian world. It is not known when Persians first became acquainted with the beverage. Bīrūnī,  in his Ketāb al-ṣaydana, written in the first half of the 11th century, gave some details about the plant čāy and its use as a beverage in China and Tibet.

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  • ČĒČAST

    Aḥmad Tafażżolī

    a mythical lake in eastern Iran, later identified in the Pahlavi and Persian sources with Lake Urmia in Azerbaijan.

  • CEDRENUS, GEORGIUS

    James R. Russell

    twelfth-century Byzantine historian who edited the Synopsis Historiōn of John Skylitzēs.

  • ČEGEL

    Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Yūsofī

    (Jekel), name of a Turkish people in Central Asia known in Persian poetry for the extraordinary beauty of their youths.

  • ČEGĪNĪ

    Pierre Oberling

    or Čeganī, a tribe that originated in northwestern Persia but is now scattered in Luristan, the Qazvīn region, and Fārs.

  • ČEHEL SOTŪN, ISFAHAN

    Ingeborg Luschey-Schmeisser

    Safavid royal palace used for coronations and the reception of foreign embassies. It stands in the center of a large garden between the Meydān-e Šāh and the Čahārbāḡ. The layout of these gardens, with three walks shaded by plane trees, dates from the period of Shah ʿAbbās I (r. 1588-1629).

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  • ČEHEL SOTŪN, KABUL

    Nancy H. Dupree

    palace on a small, terraced hill rising at the southern end of a 30-acre walled garden about six miles south of the city center. According to a commemorative marble plaque at the base of the hill the cornerstone of the palace was laid in 1888, and the palace was completed as a seat for Prince Ḥabīb-Allāh three years later.

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  • ČEHEL SOTŪN, QAZVIN

    Wolfram Kleiss

    a Safavid pavilion that stands amid gardens in the central meydān (square) of the old city and in which the Qazvīn museum is installed.

  • ČEHEL TANĀN

    Kerāmat-Allāh Afsar

    (“the forty dervishes,” popularly called Čeltan), a minor takīya (monastery) situated in the northeastern section of Shiraz, a short distance north of the tomb of Ḥāfeẓ and south of Haft Tanān (“the seven dervishes”).

  • ČEHEL ṬŪṬĪ

    Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Yūsofī

    (forty parrot [stories]), the designation of collections of entertaining stories about the wife of a merchant and a pair of parrots, several versions of which are current in Persia and which are derived from older collections called ṭūṭī-nāmas (book of the parrots).