Table of Contents

  • CAUCASUS i. Physical Geography, Population, and Economy.

    Pierre Thorez

    The northern side of the range consists of a series of monoclinal folds, in the form of cuestas, with escarpments facing toward the main chain and the more gradual back slopes fanning out into plateaus of varying sizes, all inclining toward the north.

     

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  • CAUCASUS ii. Language contact

    Fridrik Thordarson

    Languages of the Caucasus. Including Caucasian (or Ibero-Caucasian), Turkic, Indo-European, Iranian languages, Kurdish, Tati, Ṭāleši, Ossetic, and others.

  • CAUCASUS, iii. ACHAEMENID RULE IN

    Bruno Jacobs

    Achaemenid rule in the Caucasus region was established, at the latest, in the course of the Scythian campaign of Darius I in 513-12 BCE.

  • CAUTES AND CAUTOPATES

    William W. Malandra

    the two dadophoroi or torch bearers who often flank Mithras in the bull-slaying scene and who are sometimes shown in the birth scenes of Mithras.

  • ČĀV

    Peter Jackson

    paper currency issued in Mongol Iran in 693/1294.

  • CAVALRY

    Cross-Reference

    See ASBASB-SAVĀRĪ.

  • CAVES OF THE THOUSAND BUDDHAS

    Xin-jiang Rong

    Ch’ien Fo Tung (Qianfodong), a large group of grottoes and cave temples carved out of Ming-sha hill in the southeastern Tun-huang (Dunhuang) district of Kansu (Gansu) province, China.

  • CAVIAR

    Hūšang Aʿlam

    ḵāvīar in Persian, the processed non-fertilized roe of sturgeons and some other large fishes, highly valued as a gourmet delicacy.  In Iran the roe for caviar is obtained mainly from three species of sturgeon (family Acipenseridae) caught in the southern littoral or fluvial waters of the Caspian Sea.

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  • ČĀVOŠ

    Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Yūsofī

    or ČĀVŪŠ, used in classical Persian texts with the meanings of 1. army commander; 2. master of ceremony or person in charge of the servants; 3. caravan leader; or, more specifically, 4. a guide on the road to Mecca or holy shrines.

  • ČAXRĀ

    Cross-Reference

    town mentioned in the Avesta. See ČARḴ.