Table of Contents
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BROAD BEANS
Cross-Reference
See BĀQELĀ.
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BROADBEAN
cross-reference
See BĀQELĀ.
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BROCHT
cross-reference
See QEŠM.
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BROCKELMANN, CARL
Rudolph Sellheim
German orientalist (1868-1956). During a long and serene life as a scholar Brockelmann produced a wealth of fundamental publications. His monumental output represents the unity of Oriental studies in his time.
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BRONZE
Multiple Authors
an alloy of two metals, copper and tin. When tin is alloyed with copper, it decreases the temperature at which the two metals will melt, increases fluidity during casting, and acts as a deoxidant. Although copper deposits occur with reasonable frequency throughout the highland zones of southwestern, sources of tin are far less common.
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BRONZE i. In pre-Islamic Iran
Vincent C. Pigott
Current understanding of early developments in copper-base metallurgy on the Iranian plateau is based largely on archeological excavations and archeometallurgical field surveys conducted by a number of scholars.
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BRONZE ii. In Islamic Iran
James W. Allan
The most common copper alloys in use in Iran were brass and a quaternary alloy of copper, lead, zinc, and tin. As for bronze, two alloys should be differentiated: low-tin bronze, with a tin content of 10 percent or less, and high-tin bronze, with a tin content of about 20 percent.
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BRONZE AGE
Robert H. Dyson, Jr., and Mary M. Voigt
in Iranian archeology a term used informally for the period from the rise of trading towns in Iran, ca. 3400-3300 B.C., to the beginning of the Iron Age, ca. 1400-1300 B.C. It has long since lost any precise meaning in relation to technology.
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BRONZES OF LURISTAN
Oscar White Muscarella
The British Museum had acquired the first of its Luristan bronzes in 1854, followed by others in 1885, 1900, 1914, and 1920. Until the late 1920s such objects continued to appear sporadically, but mass plundering of Luristan tombs seems to have begun in that decade.
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BROWNE, EDWARD GRANVILLE
G. Michael Wickens, Juan Cole, Kamran Ekbal
eminent British Iranologist (1862-1926). i. Browne’s life and academic career. ii. Browne on Babism and Bahaism. iii. Browne and the Persian Constitutional movement.