Table of Contents

• BĀḠ-E PĪRŪZĪ

  Ḡ.-Ḥ. Yūsofī

  “Garden of Triumph,” a garden constructed in Ḡazna by Sultan Maḥmūd (r. 998-1030), no longer extant.

• BĀḠ-E ŠĀH

  ʿA.-A. Saʿīdī Sīrjānī

  (the king’s garden). In the mid-Qajar period, the site was a broad, circular field about 1,000 m in diameter situated on the outskirts of the city and devoted to horseback riding and racing.

• BĀḠ-E SALṬANATĀBĀD

  cross-reference

  See SALṬANATĀBĀD.

• BAGA

  H. W. Bailey, N. Sims-Williams, St. Zimmer

  an Old Iranian term for “god,” sometimes designating a specific god. i. General. ii. In Old and Middle Iranian. iii. The use of baga in names.

• BAGABUXŠA

  cross-reference

  See MEGABYZUS.

• BAGĀN YAŠT

  P. O. Skjærvø

  (1) one of the dādīg (legal) nasks of the Avesta, which contained descriptions of Ahura Mazdā and the other gods; (2) name of Yasna 19-21 of the Avesta.

• BAGARAN

  R. H. Hewsen

  (lit. “the god’s place”; Turk. Pakran), a town founded by the Armenian King Orontes (Eruand) II (ca. 212-ca. 200 B.C.) to house the images of the gods and the royal ancestors.

• BAḠAVĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN

  H. Schützinger

  ʿALĪ B. ʿABD-AL-ʿAZĪZ B. MARZBĀN B. SĀBŪR, traditionist (moḥaddeṯ) and philologist in the 9th century.

• BAGAWAN (1)

  H. R. Hewsen

  (Arm. Baguan or Aṭʿši Bagawan), ancient district lying along the right bank of the Araxes river and corresponding to the northeastern part of Iranian Azerbaijan.

• BAGAWAN (2)

  R. H. Hewsen

  an ancient locality in central Armenia situated at the foot of Mount Npat (Gk. Niphates, Turk. Tapa-seyd) in the principality of Bagrewand west of modern Diyadin.

• BĀGAYĀDIŠ

  R. Schmitt

  name of the seventh month (September-October) of the Old Persian calendar, mentioned in Darius I’s Behistun inscription.

• BAGAYAṞIČ

  R. H. Hewsen

  site of the great temple of Mihr (Mithras), one of the eight principal pagan shrines of pre-Christian Armenia, traditionally built by Tigranes II the Great (r. 95-56 B.C.).

• BAGAZUŠTA

  R. Schmitt

  Old Iranian personal name *Baga-zušta- “beloved of the god(s)” attested in the Achaemenid period and after.

• BAḠDĀD

  cross-reference

  See BAGHDAD.

• BAḠDĀDĪ, ʿABD-AL-QĀHER

  J. van Ess

  B. ṬĀHER ŠĀFEʿĪ TAMĪMĪ (ca. 961-1038), mathematician, Shafeʿite jurist, and Asḥʿarite theologian.

• BAḠDĀDĪ, ABU’L-FAŻL

  H. Algar

  (d. 1155), Sufi whose name appears in the initiatic chain of the Neʿmatallāhī order.

• BAḠDĀDĪ, BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN

  cross-reference

  See BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN BAḠDĀDĪ.

• BAḠDĀDĪ, ḴĀLED ŻĪĀʾ-AL-DĪN

  H. Algar

  , MAWLĀNĀ (1779-1827), the founder of a significant branch of the Naqšbandī Sufi order that has had a profound impact on his native Kurdistan and beyond.

• BAGHDAD i. The Iranian Connection: Before the Mongol Invasion

  H. Kennedy

  Baghdad, whose official name was originally Madīnat-al-Salām, the City of Peace, was founded in 762 by the second ʿAbbasid caliph, Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr as his official capital.

• BAGHDAD ii. From the Mongol Invasion to the Ottoman Occupation

  ʿAbbās Zaryāb

  The Persian influence had increased in recent decades through Iranian viziers and officials serving the caliphs, the rise of Shiʿite power and their theological literature.