Table of Contents
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BOLOD
Bertold Spuler
CHʿENG-HSIANG (Pers. Pūlād Čīnksāng; d. 1313), the representative of the Great Khan Qubilai at the court of the Il-khans of Iran.
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BOLOḠĀN ḴĀTŪN
Charles Melville
(Būlūḡān Ḵātūn), the name of three of the royal wives of the Mongol Il-khans in Iran. Of Mongol origin, the word Boloḡān, variously spelled in the Persian sources, means “sable.”
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BOLŪḠ
cross-reference
See BĀLEḠ.
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BOLŪR
cross-reference
(Ar. ballūr, bellawr) “rock crystal.” See CRYSTAL.
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BOMBAY
John R. Hinnells, Momin Mohiuddin and Ismail K. Poonawala
Persian communities of Bombay.
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BOMBAY PARSI PANCHAYAT
John R. Hinnells
the largest Zoroastrian institution in modern history, originally founded in the 17th century in order to maintain Zoroastrian family and social values at a time of dramatic change, when Parsis were migrating from rural Gujarat to cosmopolitan Bombay.
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BONDĀR RĀZĪ
Zabihollah Safa
(or Pendār), poet in the 10th-11th centuries, named as the author of a small number of surviving poems, some in literary (Darī) Persian, others in his local dialect.
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BONDĀRĪ, FATḤ B. ʿALĪ
Cross-Reference
b. Moḥammad EṢFAHĀNĪ. See SUPPLEMENT.
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BONGĀH-E ḤEMĀYAT-E MĀDARĀN O KŪDAKĀN
EIr
(Institute for the protection of mothers and infants), founded 16 December 1940 on the order of Reżā Shah, originally funded by charitable contributions.
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BONGĀH-E MOSTAQELL-E ĀBYĀRĪ
EIr
(Independent irrigation agency), established by the Majles on 19 May 1943 to improve irrigation in Iran.
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BONGĀH-E TARJOMA WA NAŠR-E KETĀB
Edward Joseph
“The [Royal] Institute for Translation and Publication,” founded 1953, since 1986 called the Scientific and Cultural Publication Company (Šerkat-e Entešārāt-e ʿElmī wa Farhangī).
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BONĪČA
Willem Floor
a tax assessed on a group as a single unit and particularly the base on which the tax was calculated—in Iran: a tax on guilds, an agricultural tax on villages and tribes, and a military tax on villages.
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BONYĀD-E FARHANG-E ĪRĀN
Aḥmad Tafażżolī
The "Iranian Culture Foundation" was established 16 September 1964.
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BONYĀD-E MOSTAŻʿAFĀN
cross-reference
See MOSTAZAFAN FOUNDATION.
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BONYĀD-E PAHLAVĪ
cross-reference
See PAHLAVI FOUNDATION.
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BONYĀD-E ŠĀH-NĀMA-YE FERDOWSĪ
Aḥmad Tafażżolī
a research institute, 1971-78, intended for preparation of a new critical edition of the Šāh-nāma.
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BONYĀD-E ŠAHĪD
EIr
The Bonyād officially started work on 9 April 1980. A decision taken by the Revolutionary Council on 13 June 1980 attached the Martyrs’ Foundation to the National Health Organization (Sāzmān-e Behzīstī-e Kešvar), itself administered under the supervision of the prime minister.
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BOOK OF ZAMBASTA
Ronald E. Emmerick
a Khotanese poem on Buddhism. It is the longest indigenous literary composition in the Khotanese language and played a crucial role in the decipherment of the Khotanese language.
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BOOKBINDING (article 1)
Duncan Haldane
(tajlīd, ṣaḥḥāfī) in Iran at first followed the pattern of previous Near Eastern book covers, but subsequently Persian craftsmen developed new types.
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BOOKBINDING (article 2)
Iraj Afshar
(ṣaḥḥāfi, jeld-sāzi), the traditional craft of binding new books and decorating the cover with embossed or painted designs, or of repairing worn out volumes by restoring their cover.