Table of Contents

• BARĀ’A

  E. Kohlberg

  an Imami theological term denoting dissociation from the enemies of the imams. During the conflict between ʿAlī and Moʿāwīa, formulas of dissociation were used by both parties.

• BĀRBAD

  A. Tafażżolī

  minstrel-poet of the court of the Sasanian king Ḵosrow II Parvēz (r. 591-628 A.D.).

• BARBARO, GIOSAFAT

  A. M. Piemontese

  Venetian merchant, traveler, and diplomat (1413-94), appointed Venetian ambassador to Persia (1473-78); author of a travel account.

• BARBAṬ

  J. During

  the prototype of a family of short-necked lutes characterized by a rather flat, pear-shaped sound box.

• BARBERRY

  EIr

  (zerešk; Berberis spp., family Berberidaceae). Species of this genus are found in the northern, eastern, and southeastern highlands of Iran.

• BARBIER DE MEYNARD, CHARLES ADRIEN CASIMIR

  Ch. Pellat

  French orientalist (1826-1908). Among his works, the Tableau littéraire du Khorassan and Dictionnaire géographique attest the excellence of his Persian scholarship.

• BARD-E BAL

  L. Vanden Berghe

  a necropolis excavated in 1969-70 by the Belgian archeological mission in Iran, Īlām Province.

• BARD-E BOT

  Cross-Reference

  See ELYMAIS.

• BARD-E NEŠĀNDA

  K. Schippmann

  a complex of ancient ruins in Ḵūzestān, situated 18 km northwest of the town of Masjed-e Solaymān (where similar ruins exist) at 675 m altitude on the edge of the Baḵtīārī mountains.

• BARDA and BARDA-DĀRI

  Multiple Authors

  Slaves and slavery.  i. In the Achaemenid period. ii. In the Sasanian period. iii. In the Islamic period up to the Mongol invasion. iv. From the Mongols to the abolition of slavery. v. Military slavery in Islamic Iran.