Table of Contents

• BANĪ TAMĪM

  J. Perry

  an Arab tribe of western Ḵūzestān, both settled and nomadic, raising sheep and camels. Their range lies between Howayza and Ahvāz.

• BANĪ ṬOROF

  J. Perry

  (Banu Turuf), a large Shiʿite Arab tribe of Howayza (Ḥawīza) district in Ḵūzestān, mostly sedentary, centered north of Howayza between Sūsangerd and Bostān (Besaytīn).

• BANISTER, Thomas

  Parvin Loloi

  (d. Arrash, 20 July 1571), British merchant and traveler to Persia who commanded the fifth voyage from Britain to Persia via Russia for the purpose of establishing trade. 

• BĀNK-E MARKAZĪ-E ĪRĀN

  M. Yeganeh

  (Central Bank of Iran), a bank established under the Iranian Banking and Monetary Act of 28 May 1960 to undertake the central banking activities in the country. The functions and powers of Bānk-e Markazī were revised following the Islamic Revolution of February, 1979, which led to the nationalization of private banking.

• BANKING

  P. Basseer, P. Clawson and W. Floor

  IN IRAN  This article traces the historical development of banking in Iran, from the establishment of the first modern banks, by foreign concerns in the late 1880s, to the nationalization and consolidation of banks in 1979.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• BANNĀʾĪ

  C. Bromberger

  While the term bannāʾī covers the entire construction field, in this brief study domestic building techniques, in particular, which are more or less part of the traditional crafts, and the recent evolution of popular housing will be emphasized.

• BANNERS

  A. S. Melikian-Chirvani

  (ʿalam, derafš). Countless references in epic literature as well as in chronicles show that, in the clouds of dust that enveloped troops as they fought in sandy land, the glitter of the banner was the only way that warriors had of following the moves of their commanders or of identifying the enemy.

• BĀNŪ

  W. Eilers

  originally “lady,” now also in common use as an alternative to ḵānom “Madam, Mrs.” (from Turkish xan-ım “my lord”).

• BANŪ ʿABBĀS

  Cross-Reference

  See ABBASID CALIPHATE.

• BANŪ AMĀJŪR

  D. Pingree

  (or MĀJŪR), ABU’L-QĀSEM ʿABD-ALLĀH  and his son Abu’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī, 10th-century astronomers.

• BANŪ ʿANNĀZ

  cross-reference

  See ʿANNAZIDS.

• BANŪ LAḴM

  Cross-Reference

  See ḤIRA.

• BANŪ MĀJŪR

  cross-reference

  See BANŪ AMĀJŪR.

• BANŪ MONAJJEM

  D. Pingree

  a family of intellectuals, closely connected to the caliphs of the 9th-10th centuries and claiming descent from an ancient Iranian lineage.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• BANŪ MŪSĀ

  D. Pingree

  name applied to three brothers, 9th-century ʿAbbasid astronomers and engineers.

• BANŪ OMAYYA

  cross-reference

  See OMMAYADS.

• BĀNŪ PARS

  M. Boyce

  “Lady of Pārs,” the name of a Zoroastrian shrine in the mountains at the northern end of the Yazd plain.

• BANŪ SĀJ

  W. Madelung

  a family named after its ancestor Abu’l-Sāj which served the ʿAbbasid caliphate (9tth-10th centuries).

• BANŪ SĀSĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  a name frequently applied in medieval Islam to beggars, rogues, charlatans, and tricksters of all kinds, allegedly so called because they stemmed from a legendary Shaikh Sāsān.

• BAQĀʾ WA FANĀʾ

  G. Böwering

  Sufi term signifying “subsistence and passing away,” that is, passing away from worldly reality and being made subsistent in divine reality.