Table of Contents

  • ĀS

    Mehdi Roschanzamir

    a game of playing cards which became popular in the Qajar era, and hence replaced ganjafa, the card game associated with the Safavids.

  • ĀS

    cross-reference

    “Ossetia”; ĀSĪ “Ossetic, Ossete.” See ALANS; ALBANIA; ASII; OSSETIC.

  • ĀŠ

    W. Eilers, ʿE. Elāhī, M. Boyce

    (thick soup), the general term for a traditional Iranian dish comparable to the French potage.

  • AṦA

    B. Schlerath, P. O. Skjærvø

    “truth” in Avestan. The Indo-Iranian concept of truth is preserved in the Gāθās and in the younger Avesta unchanged.

  • AṦA VAHIŠTA

    cross-reference

    See ARDWAHIŠT.

  • ASʿAD B. NAṢR

    Cross-Reference

    See ABZARĪ.

  • ASAD B. SĀMĀNḴODĀ

    C. E. Bosworth

    ancestor of the Samanid dynasty.

  • ASADĀBĀD (1)

    C. E. Bosworth

    name of several towns in medieval sources, including the modern city.

  • ASADĀBĀD

    D. Balland

    (or ASʿADĀBĀD), the official name of a small town in eastern Afghanistan, capital of Konar (Kunar) Province.

  • ASADĀBĀDĪ, ʿABD-AL-JABBĀR

    Cross-Reference

    See ʿABD-AL-JABBĀR B. AḤMAD.

  • ASADĀBĀDĪ, JAMĀL-AL-DĪN

    Cross-Reference

    See AFḠĀNĪ, JAMĀL-AL-DĪN.

  • ASADALLĀH EṢFAHĀNĪ

    A. S. Melikian-Chirvani

    a signature borne by hundreds of fine blades, which is occasionally followed by dates ranging from the 17th to the 19th century.

  • ASADĪ ṬŪSĪ

    Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

    (d. 1072-73), poet, linguist and copyist, from Ṭūs in Khorasan.

  • ĀṢAF AL-LOḠĀT

    M. Dabīrsīāqī

    title of a Persian dictionary.

  • ĀṢAF KHAN

    P. Saran

    10th/16th century Mughal official and military commander.

  • ĀṢAF-AL-DAWLA, ʿABD-AL-WAHHĀB

    Cross-Reference

    See Supplement.

  • ĀṢAF-AL-DAWLA, ALLĀHYĀR

    Cross-Reference

    See Supplement.

  • ĀṢAFĪ HERAVĪ

    A. ʿA. Rajāʾī

    a minor poet of the Timurid period (d. 923/1517).

  • ASAGARTA

    W. Eilers

    an ancient Iranian tribe of uncertain location; they must have dwelt in the east of the kingdom. 

  • ASĀLEM

    M. Bazin

    a mountainous district in Ṭāleš, now a dehestān of the central baḵš of the šahrestān of Ṭawāleš, province of Gīlān.

  • ASĀLEMI dialect

    Cross-Reference

    See ṬĀLEŠI.

  • AṢAMM, ABU BAKR

    F. W. Zimmermann

    (d. 200/815-6 or 201/816-7), Muʿtazilite of Baṣra.

  • ĀŠAQLŪN

    Cross-Reference

    Manichean demon. See ĀSRĒŠTĀR.

  • AʿSAR, ʿALAWAYH ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See ʿALAWAYH AL-AʿSAR.

  • ĀŠʿARĪ, ABŪ MŪSĀ

    Cross-Reference

    See ABŪ MŪSĀ AŠʿARĪ.

  • AŠʿARĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN

    C. E. Bosworth

    scholastic theologian (motakallem) and founder of the theological school of the Ašʿarīya.

  • AŠʿARĪYA

    A. Heinen

    (or Ashʿarism), an Islamic school of theological thought founded by Abu’l-Ḥasan Ašʿarī.

  • ASĀS

    H. Halm

    “foundation, basis,” a degree of the Ismaʿili daʿwa hierarchy.

  • ASĀṬĪR

    Cross-Reference

    See MYTHOLOGY.

  • AŠAVAN (possessing Truth)

    G. Gnoli

    (Avestan), lit. “possessing truth (aša),”  referring to humans, Ahura Mazdā, and the divine or angelic entities.

  • ASĀWERA

    C. E. Bosworth

    Arabic broken plural form of a singular oswār(ī), eswār(ī), early recognized by Arab philologists as a loanword from Persian meaning “cavalryman.”

  • ʿAŠĀYER

    F. Towfīq

    “tribes” in Iran. 1. Definitions. 2. Historical background. 3. Population figures. 4. Territorial distribution: (a) Lor and Lak tribes; (b) Kurdish tribes; (c) Turkish tribes; (d) Arab tribes; (e) Baluch and Brahui tribes. 5. Organization. 6. Economy.

  • ASB

    Multiple Authors

    ASB, “horse” (equus cabullus, Av. aspa-, Old PerS. asa- and aspa-, Mid. and NPers. asp/b); uses and significance of horses in the Iranian world.

  • ASB i. In Pre-Islamic Iran

    A. Sh. Shahbazi

    the horse in the culture and society of the ancient Iranian world.

  • ASB ii. Among the Scythians

    F. Thordarson

    the horse in Scythian culture.

  • ASB iii. In Islamic Times

    ʿA. Solṭānī Gordfarāmarzī

    horses and horsemanship in Iran in the Islamic period.

  • ASB iv. In Afghanistan

    C. E. Bosworth

    horses and horsemanship in Afghanistan.

     

  • ASB-SAVĀRĪ

    J.-P. Digard

    "horse-riding." The Iranian lands, in the course of their long history, have been the source of major advances in the techniques of equitation.

  • ĀŠBANAKKUŠ

    M. Mayrhofer

    name of an Iranian in the Persepolis Fortification Tablets.

  • ASBĀNBAR

    Cross-Reference

    See MADĀʾEN.

  • ASBĪĀN

    cross-reference

    See ĀBTĪN.

  • ĀŠEʿʿAT AL-LAMAʿĀT

    A. E. Khairallah

    (The rays of the flashes), a detailed commentary by Nūr-al-dīn ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān Jāmī (817/1414-898/1492).

  • ʿĀṢEM EFENDĪ

    T. Yazici

    (1168/1755-1236/1819), an Ottoman Turkish linguist and chronicler.

  • AŠƎM VOHŪ

    B. Schlerath

    the second of the four great prayers of the Zoroastrians, the others being: Ahuna vairyō (Y. 27.13), Yeŋˊhē hātąm (Y. 27.15), and Airyəˊmā išyō (Y. 54.1).

  • ʿĀṢEMI, Moḥammad

    Habib Borjian

    (also Osimi and Asimov) Tajik educator, scholar, statesman, and humanist (b. Ḵojand, 1 September 1920; d. Dushanbe, 29 July 1996). His primary subject of interest was philosophy in the broad sense of the word, with particular attention to the achievements made in the East. 

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  • ʿĀŠEQ

    C. F. Albright

    in Azerbaijan, Iran, and the Republic of Azerbaijan, a poet and minstrel who accompanies his singing on a long-necked, fretted, plucked chordophone known as a sāz.

  • ʿĀŠEQ EṢFAHĀNĪ

    K. Amīrī Fīrūzkūhī

    a Persian poet of the 12th/18th century (pen name ʿĀšeq).

  • ʿĀŠEQ HAWĀSĪ

    C. F. Albright

    “melody of the ʿāšeq,” term referring to (1) a type of poem often sung by ʿāšeqs in Iranian Azerbaijan and (2) the typical manner of singing the poem and the manner of accompanying it on the musical instrument.

  • ASFĀD JOŠNAS

    A. Tafażżolī

    a native of Ardašīr-ḵorra (Gūr, Fīrūzābād) who commanded the supporters of Šērōya.

  • ASFAND

    H. Gaube

    a medieval district (kūra) of the quarter (robʿ) of Nīšāpūr of Khorasan province.