Table of Contents

• ARANG

  C. J. Brunner

  a river in ancient Iranian tradition.

• ARĀNĪ, TAQĪ

  E. Abrahamian, B. Alavi

  (1902-1940), Iranian Marxist and intellectual initiator of the communist Tudeh Party.

• ARARAT

  X. de Planhol

  extinct volcano in the northeastern extremity of Turkey close to the Iran-Soviet frontiers.  

• ARAŠ

  Cross-Reference

  Old Persian arašni-, Avestan araθni-) “cubit.” See WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

• ĀRAŠ

  A. Tafażżolī, W. L. Hanaway, Jr.

  Avestan Ǝrəxša, Middle Persian Ēraš, a heroic archer in Iranian legend. The Avesta (Yašt 8.6) refers to what was apparently a familiar episode in the epic tradition.

• ĀRAŠ, KAY

  A. Tafażżolī

  Avestan KAVI ARŠAN, a member of the Kayanid dynasty in Iranian legend. 

• ARASBĀRĀN

  Cross-Reference

  See AHAR.

• ARAŠK

  Cross-Reference

  or AREŠK (Pahlavi), Avestan araska-, Persian rašk “envy,” in Middle Persian sometimes personified as a demon. See RAŠK (pending).

• ARAXA

  M. A. Dandamayev

  Old Persian form of the name of a leader of a Babylonian rebellion against Darius I.

• ARAXES RIVER

  W. B. Fisher, C. E. Bosworth

  The Araxes rises near Erzurum (Turkey) in the Bingöl Dağ region: there is only a low divide separating it from the headwaters of the Euphrates river. The drainage-pattern of the Araxes is complex. Subsidiary downthrow basins open off it, and a system of feeder tributaries occupying broad, flat-floored valleys has developed.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.