Table of Contents

• ARAB-SASANIAN COINS

  M. Bates

  Arab-Sasanian is a term applied to several different coinages of early Islamic Iran which were issued under Arab authority using the design and inscriptions of the preceding Sasanian coinage.

• ʿARABESTĀN

  Cross-Reference

  See ḴŪZESTĀN.

• ARABIA

  M. Dandamayev, Daniel T. Potts

  i. The Achaemenid province Arabāya. ii. The Sasanians and Arabia.

• ARABIA i. THE ACHAEMENID PROVINCE ARABĀYA

  M. Dandamayev

  In the Bīsotūn and other Old Persian inscriptions that list provinces of the Achaemenid empire in a geographical sequence, Arabāya is placed after Babylonia and Assyria (i.e., Syria) and before Egypt.

• ARABIA ii. The Sasanians and Arabia

  Daniel T. Potts

  Within a few years after the commencement of Ardašir I’s (r. ca. 224-242) program of conquest, the Sasanians undertook military engagements in both northeastern Arabia and Oman.

• ARABIAN NIGHTS

  Cross-Reference

  See ALF LAYLA WA LAYLA.

• ARABIAN SEA

  Cross-Reference

  See OMAN, SEA OF.

• ARABIC LANGUAGE

  Multiple Authors

  The profound influence of Arabic in Iran can be traced to its social, religious, and political significance in the wake of the Muslim conquest, when it became the language of the dominant class, the language of religion and government administration, and by extension, the language of science, literature, and Koranic studies.

• ARABIC LANGUAGE i. Arabic elements in Persian

  A. A. Ṣādeqī

  The proportion of Arabic words in Persian was about thirty percent in the 4th/10th century and reached some fifty percent in the 6th/12th. 

• ARABIC LANGUAGE ii. Iranian loanwords in Arabic

  A.Tafażżolī

  Loanwords in Arabic, traditionally called moʿarrab (arabicized) or daḵīl (foreign words), include a considerable number of Iranian elements.