Table of Contents

• ARSACIDS viii. MILITARY ARCHITECTURE OF PARTHIA

  Krzysztof Jakubiak

  In the western parts of the Parthian empire, i.e., in the Mesopotamian plain, military and defensive systems and fortifications developed under a clearly strong influence of earlier civilizations in the region.

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• ARŠAK

  Cross-Reference

  See ARSACIDS.

• ARŠĀMA

  E. Bresciani

  name of several Achaemenid notables.

• ARSAMES

  Cross-Reference

  See ARŠĀMA.

• ARSANES

  Cross-Reference

  See NARSE.

• ARSANJĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  a small town in Fārs on the northeastern fringes of the Zagros mountain massif.  

• ARSANJĀNĪ, ḤASAN

  F. Azimi

  journalist and politician (1922-69).

• ARSEN, KOCOYTỊ

  F. Thordarson

  Ossetic author (1872-1944).

• ARSES

  P. LeCoq

  Greek rendering of an Old Persian name, used as a hypocoristic.

• ARSITES

  A. SH. Shahbazi

  Greek rendering of an Old Persian name.

• ARSLĀN B. ṬOḠREL

  Cross-Reference

  See SALJUQS OF IRAQ.

• ARSLĀN KHAN MOḤAMMAD

  Cross-Reference

  See ILAK-KHANIDS.

• ARSLĀNŠĀH

  C. E. Bosworth

  Ghaznavid sultan (r. 509-11/1116-18).

• ARSLĀNŠĀH B. KERMĀNŠĀH

  Cross-Reference

  See SALJUQS OF KERMĀN.

• ARSLĀNŠAH B. TOḠRELŠĀH

  Cross-Reference

  See SALJUQS OF KERMĀN.

• ARŠTĀT

  Cross-Reference

  See AŠTĀD.

• ART IN IRAN

  Multiple Authors

  The history of art in Iran and Iranian lands.

• ART IN IRAN i. NEOLITHIC TO MEDIAN

  E. Porada

  Topographically Iran is a varied country and its art is regionally diversified. This variation in the artistic products from different areas of the country sets off the art of Iran as a whole

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• ART IN IRAN ii. Median Art and Architecture

  P. Calmeyer

  To speak of Median art means, first of all, mentioning the huge gaps in our knowledge of Median history.

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• ART IN IRAN iii. Achaemenid Art and Architecture

  P. Calmeyer

  no work of architecture or art can be attributed with certainty to an Achaemenid earlier than Cyrus the Great.

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