Table of Contents

• ANTIOCH (1)

  M. L. Chaumont

  town in northern Syria founded in 300 B.C. by Seleucus I Nicator. It was the capital of the Seleucids and became one of the main centers of caravan traffic.

• ANTIOCH (2)

  J. Hansman

  city name given to a number of Seleucid foundations.

• ANTIOCHUS

  J. Sievers

  name of thirteen kings of the Seleucid dynasty, several of whom were active in Iran.

• ANTIOCHUS OF COMMAGENE

  G. Widengren

  (full title: Theos Dikaios Epiphanes Philoromaios Philhellen, Theos signifying his divinity), 1st-century BC Seleucid ruler.

• ANTONY, MARK

  M. L. Chaumont

  Roman general (ca. 82-30 B.C.) who led a campaign in Armenia during the Parthian period.

• ANŪŠA MOḤAMMAD

  G. L. Penrose

  B. ABU’L-ḠĀZĪ, ABU’L-MOẒAFFAR, Khan of Ḵīva 1663-87.

• ANUŠAWAN

  J. R. Russell

  grandson of Ara, legendary king of Armenia, called sawsanuēr “devoted to the plane tree.”

• ANŪŠERVĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  B. MANŪČEHR B. QĀBŪS, ruler of the Daylamī dynasty of the Ziyarids in Ṭabarestān and Gorgān during the early 11th century.

• ANŪŠERVĀN KĀŠĀNĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  , ABŪ NAṢR ŠARAF-AL-DĪN, high official who served the Great Saljuq sultans and the ʿAbbasid caliph during the first half of the 6th/12th century.

• ANŪŠTIGIN ḠARČAʾĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  Turkish slave commander of the Saljuqs; in the late 11th century, he bore the traditional title of Ḵᵛārazmšāh.