Table of Contents
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ANTHROPOMORPHISM
J. Duchesne-Guillemin
in Iranian religions. Ahura Mazdā in the Gāthās was conceived of, although invisible and immortal, as of human form, with eyes, hands, and tongue; but he was of gigantic size.
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ANTI-ALBORZ
B. Hourcade
the highland between Tehran and Semnān on the southern flank of the central Alborz range.
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ANTIA, EDULJI KERSASPJI
K. M. JamaspAsa and M. Boyce
(1842-1913/1212-83 yazdegerdi), Parsi scholar, born of priestly stock in Navsari in Gujarat.
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ANTIOCH (1)
M. L. Chaumont
town in northern Syria founded in 300 B.C. by Seleucus I Nicator. It was the capital of the Seleucids and became one of the main centers of caravan traffic.
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ANTIOCH (2)
J. Hansman
city name given to a number of Seleucid foundations.
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ANTIOCHUS
D. Bing, J. Sievers
name of thirteen kings of the Seleucid dynasty, several of whom were active in Iran.
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ANTIOCHUS OF COMMAGENE
G. Widengren
(full title: Theos Dikaios Epiphanes Philoromaios Philhellen, Theos signifying his divinity), 1st-century BC Seleucid ruler.
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ANTONY, MARK
M. L. Chaumont
Roman general (ca. 82-30 B.C.). Following the defeat of Crassus at Carrhae (Ḥarrān) in 53 B.C., the Roman leadership sought a war of revenge. Mark Antony became master of the East through a pact with Octavian (the future Augustus) in 40 B.C., he began preparations for a campaign against the Parthians.
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ANŪŠA MOḤAMMAD
G. L. Penrose
B. ABU’L-ḠĀZĪ, ABU’L-MOẒAFFAR, Khan of Ḵīva 1663-87.
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ANUŠAWAN
J. R. Russell
grandson of Ara, legendary king of Armenia, called sawsanuēr “devoted to the plane tree.”
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ANŪŠERVĀN
C. E. Bosworth
B. MANŪČEHR B. QĀBŪS, ruler of the Daylamī dynasty of the Ziyarids in Ṭabarestān and Gorgān during the early 11th century.
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ANŪŠERVĀN KĀŠĀNĪ
C. E. Bosworth
ABŪ NAṢR ŠARAF-AL-DĪN, high official who served the Great Saljuq sultans and the ʿAbbasid caliph during the first half of the 6th/12th century.
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ANŪŠTIGIN ḠARČAʾĪ
C. E. Bosworth
Turkish slave commander of the Saljuqs; in the late 11th century, he bore the traditional title of Ḵᵛārazmšāh.
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ANWĀR, SHAH QĀSEM
Cross-Reference
SHAH QĀSEM. See QĀSEM-E ANWĀR.
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ANWĀR-E SOHAYLĪ
G. M. Wickens
a collection of fables by the Timurid prose-stylist Ḥosayn Wāʿeẓ Kāšefī.
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ANWARI
J. T. P. de Bruijn
AWḤAD-AL-DĪN MOḤAMMAD (or ʿALĪ), poet at the court of the Saljuqs in the 12th century.
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ANZALĪ
Marcel Bazin
The town had 55,000 inhabitants in 1976 and 110,643 in 2006 (Markaz-e Āmār-e Irān), mainly Gilaks and Turks. The latter are mostly emigrants (mohâjer) from Azerbaijan when it was under Soviet rule, and they are particularly numerous in the fisheries and port activities.
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ANZAN
Cross-Reference
The name of an important Elamite region in western Fārs and of its chief city. See ANSHAN.
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AOGƎMADAĒČĀ
J. Duchesne-Guillemin
A small prayer and meditation on death, made up of 29 Avestan quotations (one of them Gathic) embedded in a sermon in Pārsī (Pahlavi in Arabic script).
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APADĀNA
R. Schmitt, D. Stronach
The term apadāna was possibly used exclusively to describe a distinctive type of columned audience hall introduced by Darius I (r. 522-486 B.C.). It is only known from four extant inscriptions: one of Darius II (r. 424-05 B.C.) and three of his son, Artaxerxes II (r. 405-359 B.C.).
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