Table of Contents

• AMA

  M. Boyce

  a minor Zoroastrian divinity, the hypostasis of strength, who appears in the Avestan hymn to Vərəθraγna (Yt. 14).

• AʿMĀ

  I. Abbas

  7th-8th century poet from Azerbaijan who wrote in Arabic.

• AMAHRASPAND

  Cross-Reference

  See AMƎŠA SPƎNTA.

• AMAL AL-ĀMEL

  J. van Ess

  biographical dictionary of Shiʿite (Etnāʿašarī) scholars originating from the Jabal ʿĀmel in south Lebanon, composed by Moḥammad b. Ḥasan b. ʿAlī Mašḡarī, known as Ḥorr-e ʿĀmelī (1033-1104/1624-1693).

• ʿAMALA

  P. Oberling

  (literally: workers, retainers), the retinue of a tribal chief, and the name of a number of tribes.

• AMĀMA

  Abu’l-Qāsem Tafażżolī

  (also ʿAmāma), a village in the Lavāsān district at a distance of 39 km north of Tehran, located in a mountainous area 2,230 m above sea level.

• ʿAMĀMA

  H. Algar

  (or ʿAMMĀMA, Arabic ʿEMĀMA), the turban. Imbued with symbolic significance, the turban was once the almost universal headgear of adult male Muslims. 

• AMĀN-E AFḠĀN

  I. V. Pourhadi

  newspaper of Afghanistan during the reign of King Amānallāh (1337-48/1919-29). 

• AMĀNALLĀH

  L. B. Poullada

  (1892-1961), ruler of Afghanistan (1919-29), first with the title of amir and from 1926 on with that of shah.  

• AMĀNAT

  M. Baqir

  12th/18th century poet in Persian who imitated the style of his teacher, Mīrzā ʿAbd-al-Qāder Bīdel.

• AMĀNAT KHAN ŠĪRĀZĪ

  W. E. Begley

  (d. 1054-55/ 1644-45), designer of the calligraphy on the Tāǰ Maḥall. 

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• AMĀNI

  Fabrizio Speziale

  pen name of Amān-Allāh Khan, Ḵān-e Zamān, an Indo-Muslim physician and author of works on medicine (d. 1637).

• ʿAMʿAQ BOḴARĀʾĪ

  J. Matīnī

  Having attained a degree of literary prowess in his home of Bokhara he went to the Qarakhanid court in Samarkand in 460/1068.

• ĀMĀR

  Cross-Reference

  See DEMOGRAPHY.

• AMAR NĀTH

  B. Ahmad

  Persian writer and poet of the Punjab under the Sikhs (1822-67).

• ʿAMĀRA MARVAZĪ

  J. Matīnī

  Persian poet of the late Samanid/early Ghaznavid periods.

• AMARANTH

  Cross-Reference

  See BOSTĀNAFRŪZ.

• ĀMĀRGAR

  D. N. MacKenzie, M. L. Chaumont

  a Middle and New Persian word designating a person holding a particular administrative post.

• AʿMAŠ, ABŪ MOḤAMMAD

  E. Kohlberg

  SOLAYMĀN B. MEḤRĀN ASADĪ (in some sources, erroneously, Azdī) KĀHELĪ KŪFĪ, 1st-2nd/7th-8th century Shiʿite scholar, traditionist, and Koran reader.

• AMASYA, PEACE OF

  M. Köhbach

  (8 Raǰab 962/29 May 1555), treaty signed between Iran and the Ottomans and observed for some twenty years.