Table of Contents

  • ARTĒŠTĀRĀN SĀLĀR

    W. Sundermann

    “chief of the warriors,” a high-ranking title in Sasanian times. 

  • ARTHROPODS

    ʿA. Aḥmadī and R. G. Tuck, Jr.

    or ARTHROPODA, largest and undoubtedly most diverse animal phylum, comprising an estimated seventy-five to eighty percent of all known species in the kingdom; representatives of both major extant subdivisions occur within Iran.

  • ARTOXARES

    M. Dandamayev

    a Paphlagonian eunuch at the court of Artaxerxes I and satrap of Armenia.

  • ARTSRUNI

    C. Toumanoff

    one of the most important princely families of Armenia, an offshoot of the Orontids, Achaemenian satraps and subsequently kings of Armenia, but claiming descent from Sennacherib of Assyria.

  • ARTYPHIOS

    A. Sh. Shahbazi

    or ARTYBIOS, Greek rendering of an Old Persian name.

  • ARTYSTONE

    R. Schmitt

    Persian female personal name.

  • ARUKKU

    M. Dandamayev

    a son of Cyrus I, king of Parsumaš and grandfather of Cyrus the Great.

  • ʿARŪSĪ

    A. Betteridge

    the secular wedding celebration which follows the wedding contract ceremony (ʿaqd).

  • ʿARŪŻ

    L. P. Elwell-Sutton

    the metrical system used by the Arab poets since pre-Islamic times.

  • ʿARŪŻĪ, YŪSOF

    Z. Safa

    rhetorician and poet of the 4th/10th century.

  • ARVAND GUŠNASP

    D. M. Lang

    Sasanian marzbān of Georgia under Ḵosrow I.

  • ARVAND-RŪD

    M. Kasheff

    name given to the river Tigris in some passages in the Mid. Pers. books.

  • ARYA

    H. W. Bailey

    an ethnic epithet in the Achaemenid inscriptions and in the Zoroastrian Avestan tradition.

  • ARYAMAN

    Cross-Reference

    See AIRYAMAN.

  • ĀRYĀMEHR

    Cross-Reference

    See MOḤAMMAD REŻA SHAH PAHLAVI.

  • ĀRYĀNĀ

    ʿA. Ḥabībī

    Bulletin of the Historical Society of Afghanistan.  

  • ARYANA VAĒJAH

    Cross-Reference

    See ĒRĀN-WĒZ.

  • ARYANDES

    A. Sh. Shahbazi

    Achaemenid satrap of Egypt.

  • ARYANPUR, AMIR-HOSAYN

    MEHRDAD MASHAYEKHI

    noted engagé intellectual, scholar, and educator of the 20th century Iran.

  • ARYANS

    R. Schmitt

    self designation of the peoples of Ancient India and Ancient Iran who spoke Aryan languages. Aryan is thus basically a linguistic concept, denoting the closely related Indo-Aryan and Iranian languages .

  • ʿARŻ, DĪVĀN-E

    C. E. Bosworth

    the department of the administration which, in the successor states to the ʿAbbasid caliphate in the Islamic East, looked after military affairs, such as the recruitment and discharge of soldiers, their pay allotments, etc.

  • ARZAN

    M. Bazin

    "millet." The main species of millet probably originate from the Far East and seem to have been introduced into Iran from India.

  • ARŽANG

    J. P. Asmussen

    an extra-canonical work of Mani.  

  • ARZĀNI, MOḤAMMAD AKBAR

    Fabrisio Speziale

    an Indian author of works on medicine.

  • ARZENJĀN

    C. E. Bosworth

    or ERZENJĀN, a town of northeastern Anatolia.

  • ĀRZŪ

    M. Siddiqi

    Major Indo-Muslim poet, lexicographer and litterateur (b. at Gwalior or Agra 1099/1687-88 or 1101/1689-90).

  • ARZU (Article 2)

    Cross-Reference

    See Ḵān-e Ārezu, Serāj-al-din ʿAli (ARTICLE 2).

  • ARZŪR

    J. P. Asmussen

    Mid. Pers. form of Avestan Arəzūra-, the name of a demon of unclear origin or function in Zoroastrian tradition. 

  • Am~ CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS

    Cross-Reference

    list of all the figure and plate images in the Am–Ar entries