Table of Contents

  • ADMINISTRATION in Iran vi. Safavid, Zand, and Qajar periods

    S. Bakhash

    The rise of the Safavids was marked by developments that significantly influenced the nature of political, military, and revenue administration.

  • ADMINISTRATION in Iran vii. Pahlavi period

    R. Sheikholeslami

    The constitution of 1906 and the supplementary laws of 1907 provided the juridical foundation for a legal-rational state within which the legislature was empowered to establish and modify the administration.

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  • ʿADNĪ, MAḤMŪD PĀŠĀ

    T. Yazici

    (879/1474), Ottoman vizier and poet, better known in Turkish literature by his pen name ʿAdnī.

  • ADRAPANA

    C. J. Brunner

    the third station from the western border of “Upper Media” recorded by Isidore of Charax in the 1st century CE.

  • ADRĀVVŪN

    M. F. Kanga

     Gujarati term for the Parsi betrothal ceremony (in Persian nāmzadī). 

  • ADUKANAIŠA

    R. Schmitt

    (a-du-u-k-n-i-š-), name of the first month (March-April) of the Old Persian calendar.

  • ĀDUR

    M. Boyce

    (and ādar) Middle Persian word for “fire;” the Avestan form is ātar (of unknown derivation), and the late form is arabicized in New Persian as āẕar.

  • ĀDUR BURZĒN-MIHR

    M. Boyce

    an Ātaš Bahrām, i.e., a Zoroastrian sacred fire of the highest grade. 

  • ĀDUR FARNBĀG

    M. Boyce

    an Ātaš Bahrām, that is, a Zoroastrian sacred fire of the highest grade, held to be one of the three great fires of ancient Iran, existing since creation.

  • ĀDUR GUŠNASP

    M. Boyce

    an Ātaš Bahrām, that is, a Zoroastrian sacred fire of the highest grade, held to be one of the three great fires of ancient Iran, existing since creation.