Table of Contents

• ALTŪN TAMḠĀ

  G. Doerfer

  “gold mark of ownership” (Tk.), a seal that was used throughout their empire by the Mongol rulers of Iran (including the Chupanids and Jalayerids), especially for financial or property decisions and in documents relating to financial transactions by the state.

• ALTUNTAŠ

  C. E. Bosworth

  Turkish slave commander of the Ghaznavid sultans and governor in Ḵᵛārazm (408-23/1017-32). 

• ĀLŪČA

  A. Parsa

  garden plum (Prunus domestica), a fruit with a wide range in size, flavor, color, and texture. 

• ALVAND KŪH

  E. Ehlers

  mountain range near Hamadān, an isolated massif at a point of junction between the Zagros folds and the central Iranian plateau. 

• ALVĪRĪ

  E. Yarshater

  a dialect spoken in the village of Alvīr and belonging to the Central group of Iranian dialects.

• ALWĀḤ

  xref

  “Tablets,” pl. of lawḥ (q.v.), a term used by Bahāʾīs for epistles issued by the three central figures of the faith.