Table of Contents

• AḴESTĀN

  Ż. Sajjādī

  a late 12th-century ruler of the Šervānšāh dynasty, patron of the poet Ḵāqānī Šervānī.

• AKHAVAN-E SALESS, MEHDI

  Saeid Rezvani

  prominent poet who holds a place of distinction between the followers of classical Persian prosody and the modernists  (1928-1990).

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• ʿAKKĀS-BĀŠĪ

  F. Gaffary

  photographer and pioneer motion-picture cameraman (1874-1915).

• AḴLĀQ

  F. Rahman

  “ethics” (plural form of ḵoloq “inborn character, moral character, moral virtue”).

• AḴLĀQ AL-AŠRĀF

  P. Sprachman

  (“The ethics of the aristocracy”), a satire composed in 740/1340-41, the most important work of ʿObayd Zākānī. 

• AḴLĀQ-E JALĀLĪ

  G. M. Wickens

  an “ethical” treatise in Persian by Moḥammad b. Asʿad Jalāl-al-dīn Davāni (15th century).

• AḴLĀQ-E MOḤSENĪ

  G. M. Wickens

  an ostensibly serious treatise on ethics by the prolific prose-stylist Kamāl-al-dīn Ḥosayn Wāʿeẓ Kāšefī, completed in 900/1494-95.

• AḴLĀQ-E NĀṢERĪ

  G. M. Wickens

  by Ḵᵛāǰa Naṣīr-al-dīn Ṭūsī, the principal treatise in Persian on ethics, economics, and politics, first published according to the author in 633/1235.

• AḴLĀṬ

  C. E. Bosworth, H. Crane

  a town and medieval Islamic fortress in eastern Anatolia.

• AḴNŪḴ

  J. P. Asmussen

  Enoch, in Manichean texts. According to the Cologne Mani Codex, the outstanding Greek Mani-vita, the prophet grew up in a Judeo-Christian environment, in the sect founded by Elkhasai in Eastern Syria about 100 CE.