Table of Contents

• AKBAR I

  F. Lehmann

  (949-1014/1542-1605), third and greatest of the Mughal emperors of India. 

• AKBAR KHAN ZAND

  J. R. Perry

  (d. 1196/1782), youngest son of Zakī Khan Zand.  

• AKBAR-NĀMA

  R. M. Eaton

  Official history of the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar (964-1015/1556-1605), including a statistical gazetteer of sixteenth century North India, compiled by Abu’l-Fażl ʿAllāmī.

• AḴBĀRĪ, MĪRZĀ MOḤAMMAD

  H. Algar

  A leading exponent of the Aḵbārī school of Islamic jurisprudence (feqh) and a violent polemicist against its opponents (1178-1233/1765-1818).

• AḴBĀRĪYA

  E. Kohlberg

  A school in Imamite Shiʿism which maintains that the traditions (aḵbār) of the Imams are the main source of religious knowledge, in contrast to the Oṣūlī school.

• AKES

  M. A. Dandamayev

  (Greek Akēs), a river in Central Asia, the modern Tejen or Harī-rūd (q.v.).

• AḴESTĀN

  Ż. Sajjādī

  a late 12th-century ruler of the Šervānšāh dynasty, patron of the poet Ḵāqānī Šervānī.

• AKHAVAN-E SALESS, MEHDI

  Saeid Rezvani

  prominent poet who holds a place of distinction between the followers of the rhymes and meters of classical Persian prosody and the modernists straining to free themselves from those constricting rules (1928-1990).

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• ʿAKKĀS-BĀŠĪ

  F. Gaffary

  photographer and pioneer motion-picture cameraman (1874-1915).

• AḴLĀQ

  F. Rahman

  “ethics” (plural form of ḵoloq “inborn character, moral character, moral virtue”).