Table of Contents
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AḴTAR-E KĀVĪĀN
Cross-Reference
See DERAFŠ-E KĀVĪĀN.
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ĀḴŪND
H. Algar
(or ĀḴᵛOND), a word of uncertain etymology with the general meaning of religious scholar. Various Persian origins have been proposed for the word.
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AḴŪND ḴORĀSĀNĪ
A. Hairi, S. Murata
(1255-1329/1839-1911), Shiʿite religious leader.
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ĀḴŪND, ḤĀJJ
Cross-Reference
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ĀḴŪNDZĀDA
H. Algar
(in Soviet usage, AKHUNDOV), Azerbaijani playwright and propagator of alphabet reform (1812-78).
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AKVĀN-E DĪV
DJ. Khaleghi-Motlagh
the demon Akvān, who was killed by Rostam in the Šāh-nāma.
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ĀḴᵛOND
Cross-Reference
See ĀḴŪND.
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AḴYĀR
H. Algar
“the chosen” (Persian, bargozīdagān), a category sometimes encountered in accounts given by Sufi writers of the unseen hierarchy known as reǰāl al-ḡayb (“men of the unseen”).
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ĀL
A. Šāmlū and J. R. Russell
a folkloric being that personifies puerperal fever; the name apparently derives from Iranian āl “red.”
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ĀL TAMḠĀ
G. Doerfer
“red seal,” Turkish term for the supreme seal of the Mongol Il-Khans of Iran.
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ĀL-E ʿABĀ
H. Algar
“The Family of the Cloak,” i.e., the Prophet Moḥammad, his daughter Fāṭema, his cousin and son-in-law ʿAlī, and his grandsons Ḥasan and Ḥosayn.
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ĀL-E AFRĀSĪĀB (1)
C. E. Bosworth
a minor Iranian Shiʿite dynasty of Māzandarān in the Caspian coastlands that flourished in the late medieval, pre-Safavid period.
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ĀL-E AFRĪḠ
C. E. Bosworth
(Afrighid dynasty), the name given by the Khwarazmian scholar Abū Rayḥān Bīrūnī to the dynasty of rulers in his country, with the ancient title of Ḵᵛārazmšāh.
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ĀL-E AḤMAD, JALĀL
J. W. Clinton
(1923-69), well-known writer and social critic.
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ĀL-E ʿALĪ
Cross-Reference
See ʿALIDS.
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ĀL-E BĀBĀN
Cross-Reference
See BĀBĀN.
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ĀL-E BĀVAND
W. Madelung
(BAVANDIDS), a dynasty ruling Ṭabarestān (Māzandarān) from at least the 2nd/8th century until 750/1349.
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ĀL-E BORHĀN
C. E. Bosworth
the name of a family of spiritual and civic leaders in Bokhara during the 6th/12th and early 7th/13th centuries.
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ĀL-E BŪ KORD
P. Oberling
a tribe of Ḵūzestān, of uncertain origin.
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ĀL-E BŪYA
Cross-Reference
See BUYIDS.