Table of Contents

• AGRICULTURE in Iran

  E. Ehlers

  The rural economy, for millennia the economic and social basis for all Persian governments, is characterized by a series of ecological and economic restraints that have hampered its development.

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• ĀHAK

  E. Ehlers, T. S. Kawami

  “lime,” a solid, white substance consisting essentially of calcium oxide.

• ĀHAN

  V. C. Pigott

  "iron," from prehistory to the ethnographic present.

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• AHAR

  ʿA. ʿA. Kārang

  the name of a county (šahrestān) and town in Azerbaijan.

• AHAR RIVER

  ʿA. ʿA. Kārang

  Originating in the mountains of Eškanbar, Sārī Čaman and Qarāǰa-dāḡ, the Ahar river runs from east to west.

• AHARĪ

  İ. Aka

  (8th/14th cent.), author of Tārīḵ-eŠāh Oways, dedicated to the Jalayerid ruler Oways (757-76/1356-74).

• AHASUREUS

  W. S. McCullough

  name of a Persian king in pre-Christian Jewish tradition; it appears in the biblical books of Esther (1.1 et passim), Ezra (4.6), and Daniel (9.1) and in the apocryphal book of Tobit (14.15).

• AḤDĀṮ, WOJŪH-E

  R. M. Savory

  fines collected in Safavid times by the officers of the night watch (aḥdāṯ), who were under the supervision of the dārūḡa.

• ĀHĪ JOḠATĀʾĪ

  ʿA. ʿA. Rajāʾī

  Chaghatay amir, poet, and companion of Ḡarīb Mīrzā, a son of the Timurid sultan, Ḥosayn Bāyqarā.

• ĀHI, MAJID

  Bāqer ʿĀqeli

  (b. Tehran, 1265 Š./1886; d. 22 Šahrivar 1325 Š./12 September 1946), judge, governor of Fārs, minister of justice, and ambassador to the Soviet Union.

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