Table of Contents
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AFŠĀN
P. P. Soucek
(“sprinkling”), the decoration of paper with flecks of gold and silver, sometimes called zarafšān “gold sprinkling.”
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AFŠĀR
P. Oberling
one of the 24 original Ḡuz Turkic tribes.
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AFŠĀR, AḤMAD SOLṬĀN
Cross-Reference
See AḤMAD SOLṬĀN.
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AFŠĀR, ḤĀJJĪ BĀBĀ
Ḥ. Maḥbūbī Ardakānī
court physician under Moḥammad Shah Qāǰār.
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AFŠĀRĪ
H. Farhat
one of the twelve dastgāhs or modal systems of classical Iranian music. In the contemporary tradition, Afšārī is customarily classified as a derivative of the dastgāh Šūr. In fact, however, Afšārī is quite independent and possesses its own modal characteristics as well as its own forūd (cadence) pattern.
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AFSHARIDS
J. R. Perry
actual power was exercised for most of this sixty years not by the nominal ruler but by military leaders or other court factions, and for a brief time by Solaymān II, whose reign was an attempted Safavid restoration. The remaining parts of Nāder’s empire were now the sphere of the Zand dynasty in western Iran.
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AFŠĪN
C. E. Bosworth
princely title of the rulers of Ošrūsana at the time of the Muslim conquest, the most famous of whom was Ḵeyḏār (Ḥaydar) b. Kāvūs, d. Šaʿbān, 226/May-June, 841.
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AFŠĪN B. DĪVDĀD
ʿA. Kārang and F. R. C. Bagley
founder of the semi-independent Sajid dynasty in Azerbaijan (r. 276/889-90-317/929).
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AFSŪS
M. Baqir
(AFSŌS), the taḵalloṣ of MĪR ŠĪR-ʿALĪ, late 18th century poet and translator of India.
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ĀFTĀB
L. P. Elwell-Sutton
(“Sun”), name of several Persian periodicals.