Table of Contents

• AḤSAN AL-TAQĀSĪM

  C. E. Bosworth

  a celebrated geographical work in Arabic written towards the end of the 4th/10th century.

• AḤSAN AL-TAWĀRĪḴ

  ʿA. Navāʾī

  a chronological history of Iran and the neighboring countries written by Ḥasan Beg Rūmlū (b. 937/1530-31), a qūṛčī in the service of the Safavid Shah Ṭahmāsb.

• AHU

  B. Schlerath

  two homonymous Avestan terms: (1) “Existence, life” in a range of religious phrases, (2) “Lord, overlord,” linked with ratu- “lord, judge.”

• ĀHŪ

  B. P. O’Regan, H. Javadi

  Two species of gazelle occur in Iran, Gazella sub-gutturosa and G. dorcas.

• AHUNWAR

  C. J. Brunner

  Middle Persian form of Avestan Ahuna Vairya, name of the most sacred of the Gathic prayers.

• AHURA

  F. B. J. Kuiper

  designation of a type of deity inherited by Zoroastrianism from the prehistoric Indo-Iranian religion.

• AHURA MAZDĀ

  M. Boyce

  the Avestan name with title of a great divinity of the Old Iranian religion, who was subsequently proclaimed by Zoroaster as God.

• AHURA.ṰKAĒŠA

  M. Boyce

  an infrequent Avestan adjective meaning “following the Ahuric doctrine.”

• AHURĀNĪ

  B. Schlerath

  feminine deity of the waters.

• AHVĀZ

  C. E. Bosworth, X. De Planhol, J. Lerner

  a town of southwestern Iran.

• AHVĀZĪ

  D. Pingree

  a 4th/10th century mathematician.

• AHVĀZĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN

  Cross-Reference

  See ABU’L-ḤASAN AHWĀZĪ.

• ĀĪN GOŠASP

  A. Tafażżolī

  a general of Hormazd IV (A.D. 579-590), sent by him to campaign against the rebellious general Bahrām Čūbīn.

• ĀĪN-E AKBARĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See AKBAR-NĀMA.

• ĀĪN-NĀMA

  A. Tafażżolī

  Arabic and New Persian form of Middle Persian ēwēn nāmag (“book of manners”), a general term for texts dealing with the exposition of manners, customs, skills, and arts and sciences.

• ĀĪNA-KĀRĪ

  E. G. Sims

  the practice of covering an architectural surface with a mosaic of mirror-glass.

• ĀĪNA-YE ḠAYBNOMĀ

  L. P. Elwell-Sutton

  “The Revealing Mirror,” a fortnightly illustrated magazine which began publication in Tehran on 22 Jomādā I 1325/3 July 1907, edited by Sayyed ʿAbd-al-Raḥīm Kāšānī.

• AIRYAMAN

  M. Boyce

  an ancient Iranian divinity and a yazata of the Zoroastrian pantheon, known in Manichean Middle Persian as Aryaman, in Pahlavi as Ērmān.

• AIRYAMAN IŠYA

  C. J. Brunner

  Gathic Avestan prayer.

• AIWYǠŊHANA

  M. F. Kanga

  Avestan term “wrapping round, girdle”: (1)  a strip from a date-palm leaf used to tie bundle of wires which constitute the barsom, (2) the kusti or sacred girdle.