Table of Contents

• ABĪVARD

  C. E. Bosworth

   a town in medieval northern Khorasan.

• ABĪVARDĪ, ABU’L-MOẒAFFAR

  L. A. Giffen

  poet, historian, and writer on genealogy (d. 1113).

• ABĪVARDĪ, ḤOSĀM-AL-DĪN

  L. A. Giffen

  jurisconsult, mathematician and logician (d. 1413).

• ABJAD

  G. Krotkoff

   “alphabet,” a word formed from the first four letters of the Semitic alphabet.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ABJADĪ

  M. Baqir

  Poetical name of MĪR MOḤAMMAD ESMĀʿĪL KHAN, 18th century south-Indian poet of Persian and Urdu.

• ABḴĀZ

  Dzh. Giunashvili

  (also APSUA, APSNI), ethnic group of the Caucasus.

• ABLUTION, ISLAMIC

  I. K. Poonawala

  (vożūʾ), the minor ritual purification performed before prayers.

• ABLUTION, ZOROASTRIAN

  Cross-Reference

  See PADYĀB.

• ABNĀʾ

  C. E. Bosworth

  "sons," term for the offspring of Persian soldiers and officials in the Yemen and of Arab mothers.

• ABOULITES

  C. J. Brunner

  satrap of Susiana under Darius III, at the time of the Achaemenid collapse.