Table of Contents
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QALAM
Sina Goudarzi and Bahram Grami
a common name for a reed, a perennial plant of the grass family, after its hollow stem is cut and a nib is formed on the tip for calligraphy purposes.
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QAMAR-AL-MOLUK VAZIRI
Erik Nakjavani
(1905-1959), commonly referred to as Qamar, popular, pioneering Persian mezzo-soprano. Qamar’s first formal performance as a vocalist took place at Tehran’s Grand Hotel in 1924.
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QANĀT
Cross-Reference
earliest irrigation system in Iran. See KĀRIZ.
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QANDRIZ, MANSUR
Hengameh Fouladvand
Matisse, Picasso, and Persian miniature paintings inspired Qandriz’s early figurative work. He chose, as a critic commented, “mystical symbols to combine traditional and modern elements into his abstract designs.” Imaginary elements and heavenly figures, reminiscent of spiritual quests, are characteristics of Qandriz’s early paintings.
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QĀNUNI, JALĀL
Houman Sarshar
(1900-1987), master performer of the Persian modal system (dastgāh) and expert in Daštestāni music (folk music from Fārs province).
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QĀNUNI, RAḤIM
Houman Sarshar
Širāzi (1871-1944), innovator, master of Persian classical music, and teacher.
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QARĀ ḴEṬĀY
István Vásáry
western branch of the Mongolic Qitans, who ruled China as the Liao from 907 to 1124.
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QARABAGH
Alessandro Monsutti
(Qarabāḡ), a district (woloswāli) of Ghazni Province in Afghanistan.
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QARAKHANIDS
Cross-Reference
see ILAK-KHANIDS.
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QARMATIS
Cross-Reference
or QARMATIANS, the name given to the adherents of a branch of the Ismaʿili movement during the 3rd/9th century. See CARMATIANS.