Table of Contents
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ILČI
cross-reference
See ELČI.
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ILDEGOZIDS
cross-reference
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ILEDONG
Mauro Maggi
site in Central Asia of uncertain location, source of a number of Khotanese fragments.
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ILLUMINATIONISM
Hossein Ziai
or Illuminationist philosophy, first introduced in the 12th century as a complete, reconstructed system distinct both from the Peripatetic philosophy of Avicenna and from theological philosophy.
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IMĀMIYA
Cross-reference
In history and theology, see: SHIʿITE DOCTRINE. In the clergy, see: SHIʿITE DOCTRINE ii. Hierarchy in the Imamiyya. See also: ISMAʿILISM xvii. The imamate in Ismaʿilism.
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IMAMS IN TWELVER SHIʿA ISLAM
Cross-Reference
1st Imam: see ʿALI B. ABI ṬĀLEB.
2nd Imam: see ḤASAN B. ʿALI B. ABI ṬĀLEB.
3rd Imam: see ḤOSAYN B. ʿALI B. ABI ṬĀLEB.
4th Imam: see ʿALI B. AL-ḤOSAYN B. ʿALI B. ABI ṬĀLEB.
5th Imam: Moḥammad al-Bāqer (forthcoming).
6th Imam: see JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ.
7th Imam: Musā al-Kāẓem (forthcoming).
8th Imam: see ʿALI AL-REŻĀ.
9th Imam: Mohammad al-Taqiy (forthcoming).
10th Imam: see ʿALI AL-HĀDI.
11th Imam: see ʿASKARI, ABU MOḤAMMAD ḤASAN B. ʿALI.
12th Imam: see MAHDI.
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IMMORTALS
Rüdiger Schmitt
(Gk. athánatoi), name of a corps of 10,000 Persian élite infantry soldiers in Herodotus, in connection with Xerxes’ campaign against Greece in 480–479 BCE.
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INĀLU
cross-reference
See ḴAMSA.
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ÏNĀNČ ḴĀTUN
C. Edmund Bosworth
wife of the Atābeg Jahān-Pahlavān Moḥammad (r. 1175-86), the Eldigüzid (or Ildegizid) ruler in Arrān, most of Azerbaijan, and then Jebāl.
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INCEST AND INBREEDING
Geert Jan Van Gelder
Incest and inbreeding are two different but related aspects of marriage and human reproduction.